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The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness Kindle Edition
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“Erudite, engaging, combative, crusading.” —New York Times Book Review (Editors’ Choice)
“Words that chill the parental heart… thanks to Mr. Haidt, we can glimpse the true horror of what happened not only in the U.S. but also elsewhere in the English-speaking world… lucid, memorable… galvanizing.” —Wall Street Journal
“[An] important new book... The shift in kids’ energy and attention from the physical world to the virtual one, Haidt shows, has been catastrophic, especially for girls.” —Michelle Goldberg, The New York Times
After more than a decade of stability or improvement, the mental health of adolescents plunged in the early 2010s. Rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide rose sharply, more than doubling on many measures. Why?
In The Anxious Generation, social psychologist Jonathan Haidt lays out the facts about the epidemic of teen mental illness that hit many countries at the same time. He then investigates the nature of childhood, including why children need play and independent exploration to mature into competent, thriving adults. Haidt shows how the “play-based childhood” began to decline in the 1980s, and how it was finally wiped out by the arrival of the “phone-based childhood” in the early 2010s. He presents more than a dozen mechanisms by which this “great rewiring of childhood” has interfered with children’s social and neurological development, covering everything from sleep deprivation to attention fragmentation, addiction, loneliness, social contagion, social comparison, and perfectionism. He explains why social media damages girls more than boys and why boys have been withdrawing from the real world into the virtual world, with disastrous consequences for themselves, their families, and their societies.
Most important, Haidt issues a clear call to action. He diagnoses the “collective action problems” that trap us, and then proposes four simple rules that might set us free. He describes steps that parents, teachers, schools, tech companies, and governments can take to end the epidemic of mental illness and restore a more humane childhood.
Haidt has spent his career speaking truth backed by data in the most difficult landscapes—communities polarized by politics and religion, campuses battling culture wars, and now the public health emergency faced by Gen Z. We cannot afford to ignore his findings about protecting our children—and ourselves—from the psychological damage of a phone-based life.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPenguin Press
- Publication dateMarch 26, 2024
- File size19637 KB
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The Anxious Generation is bombshell after bombshell detonating all of our preconceived assumptions about social media, Gen Z, parenting, "safetyism," mobile phones, childhood, education, and mental health. You've probably long suspected some of Haidt's observations and conclusions, but to see them put to words—and backed by heaps and heaps of research, neuroscience, philosophy, and spiritual musings—is to have your assumptions about what we consider "normal" rocked to its very core.
I'm so thankful I read this book prior to the birth of my daughter. This is a book I want to put into the hands of every parent, want-to-be parent, teacher, politician, tech CEO, or anyone who works/engages with children and/or cares about the collective mental health of our country. I firmly believe that if enough people—especially parents of young children—read this book, it could change the trajectory of our nation's approach to technology and childhood.
In short, Haidt's argument boils down to one salient point: We've overprotected our children from the real world, and underprotected them from the virtual world.. He advocates for a return to the "play-based childhood," and points the transition to the "phone-based childhood" as the primary driver of a significant increase in anxiety, depression, and self-harm among teenagers—especially teenage girls. Additionally, because of culture's perpetual fear-based approach to child-rearing, we've left our kids woefully unprepared for the pressures of the "real world"—and points to evidence of the startling number of Gen Zers and younger Millennials who appears trapped in a state of perpetual young adulthood.
The best aspect of The Anxious Generation is how easy it would've been for Haidt to just document a series of social ills and offer a diagnosis. But the back half of this book is full of extremely practical steps, application points, and "rules" for ensuring your children don't have their neurobiology hacked by tech companies who only want to monopolize their attention—mental health consequences be damned. And, even though the harms hone in on Gen Z and younger Millennials, I find myself often convicted of my own habitual phone use throughout the course of this book and I realize even I didn't escape unscathed.
Read this book. Buy a hard copy and highlight it. I want to give a copy to all of my friends, young parents, and teachers. And not just because I want to discuss this book—but, because as Haidt points out over and over again, this is a cultural issue that requires mass collective action in order to change. So, the more people who read this book and are startled awake by its findings, then the easier it'll be to implement the changes Haidt recommends.
Haidt carefully walks readers through numerous studies to show that there has been a multi-decade trend in American society (and the West) that has rewritten childhood, and the consequences are showing up with alarming frequency among those in the teens and twenty. He calls this trend the “Great Rewiring.” As he notes, the “most intense period of this rewiring was 2010 to 2015, although the story I will tell begins with the rise of fearful and overprotective parenting in the 1980s and continues through the COVID pandemic to the present day” (4). In a nutshell, the author shows how two trends have brought our teens and twenties to be an anxious generation: (1) overprotective parenting that removed kids from play-based childhood and brought them into (2) phone-based childhood. This is a childhood shaped early by easy, unprotected access to social media and the internet. “My central claim in this book is that these two trends – overprotection in the real world and underprotection in the virtual world – are the major reasons why children born after 1995 became the anxious generation” (9). That is the book in summary, and every chapter makes his case over and over again.
In regard to overprotective parenting in the real world I can personally testify. The social pressure to protect our kids pushed us to restrain their independence as the grew up, because we were told repeatedly that there were sexual predators under every bush and around every corner. And then the increasing expectation was that no sensible parent would leave their eight-year-old child alone or allow their eleven-year-old to walk to the local grocery store, and more. “We shouldn’t blame parents for “helicoptering.” We should blame – and change – a culture that tells parents that they must helicopter.” This created, and still creates, an environment where “independence milestones” disappear “under a mountain of media-fueled fear” (254).
Then, concerning the underprotective parenting in the virtual world, Haidt states that when “we gave our children and adolescents smartphones in the early 2010s, we gave companies the ability to apply variable-ratio reinforcement schedules all day long, training them like rats during their most sensitive years of brain rewiring. Those companies developed addictive apps that sculpted some very deep pathways in our children’s brains” (136). The majority of the book’s chapters work through this underprotection in the virtual world, and how it is fomenting emotional and mental troubles for our young adults, as well as many older adults.
But the author is not like so many other writers and thinkers who only tell us what’s wrong. He weaves into his volume remedial aspects, and then takes four concluding chapters to speak to parents, teachers and administrators, governments, and tech companies. Not only are his suggestions helpful and practical, but they also seem to me to be common sense. As a Christian minister, his points and suggested solutions have stirred me think about how our congregation can be part of the cure for girls and boys, younger men and women.
For example, Haidt – who is not a Christian – recommends families and communities take a “digital Sabbath” (204). Similarly, he applauds the value of communal rituals, social practices where people move together and “enter the realm of the sacred together, at the same time.” And that as this happens then as communities “engage in these practices together, and especially when they move together in synchrony, they increase cohesion and trust, which means they also reduce anomie and loneliness” (202-203). There is so much more, but one of the crucial ideas is to recognize, for us and our teens and twenties, that often social media platforms do not foster forgiveness, patience, slowness to anger, readiness to forgive. Instead, “Social media trains people to do the opposite: Judge quickly and publicly, lest ye be judged for not judging whoever it is we are all condemning today. Don’t forgive, or your team will attack you as a traitor” (211).
“The Anxious Generation” is a must-read for parents, grandparents, educators, clergy, church elders, government officials, and whoever really cares about what is going on, and how to help bring healthiness into our world. I wholeheartedly recommend this volume!
Top reviews from other countries
A infância está morrendo atrás das telas e os pais ainda continuam a acreditar que está tudo bem. Não está tudo bem. E nós (sociedade, famílias, escolas etc). precisamos, com urgência, fazer algo sobre o assunto.
It also contains sensible suggestions for ensuring current children do not suffer the same consequences; and acknowledges that these require groups of parents to act together.
Even if you don’t have children, it is a great story to unexpected consequences.