Author(s)

Abdourahmane Samba^1,2#*, Souleymane Thiam^1,3, Idrissa Yaya Soumah^1,4, Fatou Diedhiou^1,4,5, Najaht Fatou Coly⁵, Meyrem Aberkane³, Hortense Honorine Médécé Agossou¹, Abdoulaye Racine Tounkara¹, Ramatoulaye Ba¹, Fatou Kiné Thorpe Dia¹, Arame Ndiaye^1,4, Fatou Cissé¹, Alassane Diatta⁶, Fatou Diallo^1,4

¹Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
²Laboratotory of de Biology, Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao, Dakar, Senegal.
³Laboratory of Biochemistry, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Guediawaye, Dakar, Senegal.
⁴Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital Center University Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal.
⁵Health Research and Training Unit, University of Thies, Thies, Senegal.
⁶Health Research and Training Unit, University of Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor, Senegal.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone invading the bone marrow, with secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis. The aim of our work was to study the electrophoretic profile of patients with MM. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study including 76 patients with MM, whose serum samples were received at the Biochemistry Department of the Dalal Jamm National Hospital during the period from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2023. For each patient, we studied epidemiological data (age, sex, service) and biochemical variables (proteinemia, electrophoresis and serum protein immunofixation). Results: The mean age of our patients was 58 ± 10.24 years, with a sex ratio of 0.9, with a female predominance (52.6%). The majority of cohort (71.1%) were consulted as outpatients. Hyperproteinemia was observed in 27.6% of patients, with a mean average of 91.2 ± 25.2 g/L, while hypoalbuminemia was found in 43.4% of patients. A monoclonal peak was noted at the Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) in all patients in our series, 75% of whom were in the gamma zone and 22.4% in the beta zone. Immunofixation had objectified kappa-type IgG myeloma in the majority of patients (77.8%). Conclusion: Among the biological markers of MM, serum protein electrophoresis remains the most characteristic for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulin.

Multiple Myeloma, Monoclonal Ig, Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Immunofixation

Samba, A. , Thiam, S. , Soumah, I. , Diedhiou, F. , Coly, N. , Aberkane, M. , Agossou, H. , Tounkara, A. , Ba, R. , Dia, F. , Ndiaye, A. , Cissé, F. , Diatta, A. and Diallo, F. (2024) Electrophoretic Profile of Multiple Myeloma at the Biochemistry Laboratory of Dalal Jamm National Hospital. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 14, 187-195. doi: 10.4236/abc.2024.146014.