TITLE:
Potential Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Extract of Monk Fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) on Human Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cells
AUTHORS:
Rogerio Haung, Akhil Saji, Muhammad Choudhury, Sensuke Konno
KEYWORDS:
Monk Fruit, Mogroside, Anticancer, Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Lakanto
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Cancer Therapy,
Vol.14 No.5,
May
25,
2023
ABSTRACT: Prostate
and bladder cancers are the two prevalent urological cancers, and several
therapeutic options are currently available but the outcomes have not been
satisfactory. To find the better therapeutic option, we investigated if the
bioactive extracts of monk fruit, mogrosides, with potential anticancer
activity might have anticancer effect against prostate and bladder cancer
cells. Four of commercial products made of mogrosides known as Lakantoò (LKT) products, LK1, LK2, LLE, and MOG, were then
tested. A dose-dependent study at given concentrations of four products showed
that LK1 and LK2 had little effects, while LLE and MOG showed a significant
cell viability reduction in both PC-3 and T24 cells. To explore the anticancer
mechanism of such products, cell cycle analysis was first performed. Such
analysis revealed that LLE and MOG, not LK1 and LK2, led to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Potential induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was
next examined because it is known to be linked to a cell cycle arrest. The
three key regulators involved in ER stress were all up-regulated with LLE or
MOG, indicating induction of ER stress. As ER stress is also known to induce
apoptosis, this possibility was tested. The two apoptotic regulators were
modulated in a specific manner with LLE or MOG, indicating induction of
apoptosis. Lastly, to validate anticancer effect of LLE or MOG, anticancer
effect of four chemotherapeutic drugs was also
assessed in comparison with that of LLE/MOG. None of drugs had any effects but
two products showed significant anticancer effect. In conclusion, two monk
fruit products, LLE and MOG, demonstrated anticancer activity against PC-3 and T24 cells, significantly reducing cell
viability and ultimately inducing apoptosis. Therefore, these two LKT products
with few side effects may have clinical implications in the treatment of
urological cancers.