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𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝘆𝗼𝘂! 𝗪𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗮 𝗳𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱!

𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀? Seismic devices are critical engineering tools designed to enhance the safety and resilience of structures in earthquake-prone areas. By mitigating the impact of seismic forces, these devices play a key role in protecting buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.  Here are the main types:  1️⃣ 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗜𝘀𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀  These devices decouple a structure from ground motion, allowing it to move independently during an earthquake. By reducing the forces transmitted to the structure, they help prevent damage.  2️⃣ 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗴𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 (𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀)  By absorbing and dissipating seismic energy, dampers reduce structural vibrations and enhance stability during an earthquake.  3️⃣ 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝗰𝗸 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘀 (𝗦𝗧𝗨𝘀)  Commonly used in bridges and other critical structures, STUs accommodate slow movements like thermal expansion but lock under sudden seismic forces to provide stability.  As urban development continues to expand into seismically active regions, incorporating these devices into structural design is increasingly essential. Their implementation can mean the difference between minor disruption and catastrophic failure.  𝗣𝗦: Are seismic devices a priority in your field or projects? #SeismicEngineering #ResilientDesign #EarthquakeSafety #Infrastructure

𝗦𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻: 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘀 > 𝟵𝟬%? When using the multimodal response spectrum method, it is crucial to consider enough eigenmodes to accurately describe the overall vibrational behavior. The key measure here is the 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘢𝘭 𝘮𝘢𝘴𝘴 considered. The most common criterion for a sufficient number of eigenmodes states: ➜ The effective modal mass of all considered eigenmodes must account for at least 90% of the total mass! 🧑🎓 𝘐𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘳𝘺, one could calculate all eigenmodes during a modal analysis and use those required to meet the 90% criterion for seismic design. 🧑🔧 𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦, this is almost impossible because there are as many eigenmodes as there are degrees of freedom—an incredibly large number. Therefore, the number of eigenmodes to calculate in a modal analysis must be limited. 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀? 1️⃣ Computing resources and time are finite. 2️⃣ Higher eigenmodes can lead to convergence issues. 3️⃣ The accuracy of very high modes is often questionable. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴: 🅰️ Specify the number of eigenmodes to calculate in the modal analysis. 🅱️ Check whether the 90% criterion is satisfied with the calculated eigenmodes. 𝗜𝗳 🅱️=🆗: ➠ Perform seismic design with the eigenmodes required for the 90% criterion. 𝗜𝗳 🅱️=🚫: ➠ Return to 🅰️ and increase the number of eigenmodes to be calculated. This process must be repeated until 90% of the total mass is reached. 𝗣𝗦: Sophisticated software such as RSTAB/RFEM from Dlubal Software automatically determines the required number of eigenmodes. This eliminates the need for manual iteration as described above. __________ Passionate about seismic design? Join 8000+ peers and follow earthquake-engineer.com! #StructuralEngineering #EarthquakeEngineering #Seismic #StructuralDesign #SeismicDesign

𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆: 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 Time history analysis is a dynamic analysis method used in seismic design to evaluate the response of structures subjected to ground motion records. It involves the application of real or simulated earthquake ground motion data to a structural model to compute its dynamic response over time. ➜ 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗔𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 ➧ 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 It explicitly models the time-dependent effects of seismic loads on a structure, including inertia and damping. The analysis calculates structural responses such as displacements, accelerations, and internal forces at discrete time steps. ➧ 𝗜𝗻𝗽𝘂𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 Ground motions used in time history analysis are typically recorded from past earthquakes or synthetically generated to match specific seismic characteristics (e.g., magnitude, frequency content, duration). These motions should be scaled or matched to the target design spectrum for consistency with the seismic hazard level of the site. ➧ 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 A detailed mathematical or computational model of the structure is required, incorporating mass, stiffness, damping, and nonlinear behavior (if needed). Nonlinear time history analysis allows for the inclusion of material and geometric nonlinearity, capturing phenomena like energy dissipation throught plastic deformation. ➜ 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 ➕ Provides a detailed understanding of how a structure behaves under specific seismic excitations. ➕ Can account for complex interactions and nonlinearities that are not captured in simpler methods like equivalent static or response spectrum analysis. ➕ Suitable for performance-based seismic design (PBSD), where specific performance objectives under different levels of seismic hazard are assessed. ➜ 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀 ➖ Requires significant computational effort, especially for large or complex structures. ➖ Sensitive to the selection of input ground motion records, which must be representative of the seismic hazard at the site. ➖ Results can be difficult to interpret without proper expertise and can vary depending on assumptions and modeling techniques. ➜ 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 ↳ Time history analysis is used for critical infrastructure such as high-rise buildings, bridges, dams, and nuclear facilities, where precise predictions of seismic response are essential. ↳ It is also used to validate designs based on simpler analysis methods. By providing a detailed time-dependent response, time history analysis is an essential tool in seismic design for understanding and mitigating the effects of earthquakes on structures. PS: Have you ever applied Time History Analysis in one of your projects? ____________ #StructuralEngineering #EarthquakeEngineering #Seismic #StructuralDesign #SeismicDesign

𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗮: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻! Design Response Spectra are the fundamental basis of earthquake engineering. We need them regardless of which analysis method we apply. While this is obvious for standard methods, it's less apparent for more sophisticated approaches. Let's explore why the Design Response Spectrum is the foundation of any seismic analysis method: ▶ 𝗘𝗾𝘂𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱 This is the simplest method of all. The concept is easy. It follows Newton's law: F = m × a. While the mass is straightforward to determine, where do we get the acceleration of this shaking mass? Obviously, we get it from the Response Spectrum at the fundamental period of the building. ▶ 𝗠𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱 This builds on the simple method above. We just consider more modes than only the fundamental. Just as above, we need the Response Spectrum to get the acceleration at the period of each relevant mode. ▶ 𝗡𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 (𝗣𝘂𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿-) 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 Now things get a bit more tricky. We can calculate the pushover curve, which describes the capacity of the system. However, we also need to determine the target displacement: What is the demand that the earthquake will place on the structure? This is where the Response Spectrum comes in. By plotting the capacity curve (=Pushover response) and the demand curve (=Response Spectrum) on the same diagram, we can determine the performance point: The displacement that the earthquake characterised by the Response Spectrum will demand from the building. ▶ 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 Even for the most sophisticated method, time history analysis, we need the response spectrum. Why is that? The accelerograms we apply must be consistent with the Design Response Spectrum. Or in other words: We need to choose the ground motions to match the codified Response Spectrum. Seismic codes have specific rules about how much deviation is allowed. Surprisingly or not, as we can see, all methods - from the most basic to the most sophisticated - they all rely on the Design Response Spectrum! 📢 PS: What are your thoughts? Were you aware that the Design Response Spectrum is consistently required across all methods? __________ Passionate about seismic design? Join 7700+ peers and follow earthquake-engineer.com! #StructuralEngineering #EarthquakeEngineering #Seismic #StructuralDesign #SeismicDesign

𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽-𝗯𝘆-𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲 ➜ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺❓ In 𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴, there’s one thing you 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 understand: ↳ The 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺! It's crucial – because it's the 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻. 🖤 If you’ve struggled to understand this concept in the past, don’t worry: Keep reading, and you’ll never struggle again. ➠ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺? It’s a 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 that captures the 𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝘀 of Single Degree of Freedom Systems (𝗦𝗗𝗢𝗙𝘀) for a given earthquake hazard. ➠ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗽𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲? It allows engineers to determine the 𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝘀𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 for the relevant building periods ➠ 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱? 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽-𝗯𝘆-𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲: 1️⃣ Select an 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 that represents the seismic hazard.     2️⃣ Apply this accelerogram as input motion to several 𝗦𝗗𝗢𝗙𝘀 with different periods.     3️⃣ Record the 𝗮𝗯𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 of each SDOF.     4️⃣ Plot the peak responses on a diagram:         ➝ X-Axis: Vibration 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱𝘀 of SDOFs         ➝ Y-Axis: Peak 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝘀 of SDOFs ➠ 𝗦𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿? 🎥 Check out the brilliant 𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 made by Isaac Marín from Simulitron Ingeniería de Simulación! 𝗘𝗻𝗷𝗼𝘆, and you will understand the concept with ease. PS: Has understanding Response Spectra ever been easier than by watching Isaac’s video? __________ ✨ 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘀𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻? Join 7500+ peers and follow earthquake-engineer.com! #StructuralEngineering #EarthquakeEngineering #Seismic #StructuralDesign #SeismicDesign

𝗪𝗲𝗲𝗸𝗹𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗼𝘂𝘁 (𝗡𝗼. 𝟭𝟬) The last Workout of 2024! 🎉 This one is quite basic, but remember: A strong foundation paves the way to higher grounds! 😉 Sometimes, it's helpful to have a rough estimation of the 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗧𝟭 at hand. And you might be surprised how little information is needed to make a good estimate. Imagine the water tower below. 🏗️ We don’t have access to sophisticated software for a modal analysis. Instead, we only have basic static analysis tools. Here’s what we do: ↳ Apply 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 in the 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 of the tower. ↳ Determine the resulting 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. Based on this outcome: 👉 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗺𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗴𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗸? PS: The formula to calculate the period is astonishingly simple! 🧠 PPS: Why is it so simple? It has to do with π (pi) and a pendulum... 😏 __________ Passionate about seismic design? Join 7500+ peers and follow earthquake-engineer.com!

𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁 – 𝗡𝗲𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲❓ An earthquake attacks from all three directions: 🔴 𝗫-Component ⇄ 1st horizontal direction 🟢 𝗬-Component ⇆ 2nd horizontal direction 🔵 𝗭-Component ⇅ Vertical direction However, in most cases, only the two horizontal directions are relevant: 🔴X and 🟢Y. The 🔵Z direction can usually be neglected. 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗼? Here are the top 5 key reasons: 1️⃣ ➜ 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 A structure is inherently designed for the vertical direction due to the standard load cases – gravity is always applied. Therefore, the structure is inherently robust (regarding stiffness and strength) in the vertical direction. 2️⃣ ➜ 𝗦𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 A structure is very stiff in the vertical direction. For example, the axial stiffness of a column is much higher than its bending stiffness. Therefore, there is no dynamic amplification (resonance) in the vertical direction. The structure behaves as a rigid body. This is in complete contrast to the horizontal direction. 3️⃣ ➜ 𝗮𝗴 < 𝗴 The gravitational acceleration for the vertical load cases is 9.8 m/s². The ground accelerations ag experienced during an earthquake are typically much smaller. 4️⃣ ➜ 𝗮𝘃𝗴 < 𝗮𝗴 < 𝗴 Having said that ag < g, adding up to that: The vertical ground acceleration avg is less than the horizontal ground acceleration ag. Usually, only 70% of the horizontal acceleration ag should be assumed for avg. This further reduces avg in comparison to g. 5️⃣ ➜ 𝗦𝗮𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 Vertical gravity loads are considered in the permanent design situation: permanent loads are applied at 135%, variable loads at 150%. In the seismic design situation, permanent loads are considered at 100%, and variable loads are considered at significantly less than 100%. So there is still a considerable margin: The earthquake loads in the vertical direction would not be more critical than the gravity load case – even if the earthquake-induced vertical acceleration avg would be equal to the gravitational acceleration g! 🚧 ➜ 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝟭: However, this does not mean that vertical earthquake effects should be completely ignored. For individual structural elements or parts of the building that are sensitive to vertical vibrations, the vertical acceleration must be taken into account! This can often be simplified using a submodel. An example of a critical component would be a horizontal cantilever with a large mass at its tip. 🚧 ➜ 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝟮: The above considerations apply to the European seismic code Eurocode 8. Other seismic codes may have a different view on this issue. For example, ASCE 7 takes vertical earthquake effects more seriously. ➥ PS: What about you - do you think the above 5 arguments make sense? __________ Passionate about seismic design? Join 7200+ peers and follow earthquake-engineer.com!

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 ⚔️ 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 All Earthquake Engineers are Structural Engineers, but not all Structural Engineers are Specialists in seismic design—similar to how all neurologists are doctors, but not all doctors are neurologists. Here are the key differences: 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 versus 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 ➜ 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸: Structural Engineer: Focuses on designing and analyzing structures to safely resist everyday forces such as gravity (dead loads), wind, live loads, and environmental factors. Earthquake Engineer: Specializes in how structures perform during seismic events. Their work involves ensuring buildings can withstand or minimize damage during earthquakes, focusing on seismic loads and dynamic responses. ➜ 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗚𝗼𝗮𝗹𝘀: Structural Engineer: Ensures structural safety, stability, and serviceability under normal loading conditions. Their primary goal is to meet codes and standards for general structural performance. Earthquake Engineer: Aims to enhance a structure's resilience to earthquakes by minimizing damage, ensuring life safety, and maintaining functionality during and after seismic events. ➜ 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗱 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲: Structural Engineer: Requires expertise in static and dynamic analysis, material behavior, and design principles for various structural systems. Earthquake Engineer: Requires additional knowledge in seismology, ground motion analysis, non-linear behavior, anti-seismic devices, and performance-based seismic design. ➜ 𝗧𝗼𝗼𝗹𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀: Structural Engineer: Commonly uses tools like standard structural analysis software for static loads. Earthquake Engineer: Utilizes advanced nonlinear and dynamic analysis software tools. ➜ 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: Structural Engineer: Needed everywhere as all buildings and structures require design for basic loads. Earthquake Engineer: Predominantly essential in seismically active regions where earthquakes pose a significant risk (e.g., California, Japan, Turkey). In short: 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 is the broader discipline concerned with overall structural safety. 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 is a focused specialty dealing specifically with seismic resilience. PS: Do you consider yourself an Earthquake Engineer, or is seismic design just one part of your work? ____________ #StructuralEngineering #EarthquakeEngineering #Seismic #StructuralDesign #SeismicDesign

𝗗𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟱 𝗵𝗮̈𝘂𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗘𝗿𝗱𝗯𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗻𝗴𝘀𝗽𝗿𝗮𝘅𝗶𝘀 💣 In meinem Erdbebenseminar gehe ich unter anderem auf die 15 häufigsten Fehler ein, die ich in den letzten Jahren beobachtet habe. Damit meine Seminarteilnehmer diese Fehler nicht (mehr) machen. Mein Ziel: Die typischen Fehler in der deutschen Bemessungspraxis merklich zu reduzieren. Und mit Stolz kann ich sagen, dass ich dazu sicherlich schon einen kleinen Beitrag geleistet habe. Über 200 Unternehmen habe ich zum Thema Erdbebenbemessung geschult. Möchten auch Sie zu diesen Unternehmen gehören? ↳ 2025 wird es wieder Gelegenheit dazu geben. Wann und wie, dazu bald mehr. Bis dahin: Folgen Sie erdbebeningenieur.de für eine regelmäßige Portion Erdbebeningenieurwissen! 😉 __________ #Statik #Tragwerksplanung #Bauingenieur #Bauingenieurwesen #Bauwesen