The development of machining and measurement systems is increasingly driven by the demands of digital transformation (DX) and green transformation (GX). Addressing the critical challenges across various fields, including design, manufacturing, inspection, maintenance, and recycling, has become essential to meet the requirements of labor reduction, skill-free operation, and efficiency improvement throughout the entire production process. In addition, it is crucial to ensure social prosperity while managing resource consumption by integrating solutions to these challenges. Consequently, the fundamental performance of production-support tools, such as machine tools, assembly machines, industrial robots, and measuring instruments, must be enhanced. It is equally important to enable the seamless flow of design, evaluation, and operational information throughout the value cycle. This special issue features seven papers highlighting the latest advancements in production systems in the following areas:

- Design and analysis methods for machining fixtures

- Machine tool design, simulation, and evaluation methods

- Measurement and monitoring of machining processes

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the authors for their valuable contributions, and to the reviewers for their meticulous efforts.