(연구배경 및 목적) 과도한 인공조명의 사용은 생태계와 도시민의 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이는 공해의 한 형태인 빛공해로 인식되고 있다. 환경부는 빛공해 방지법 제정을 시작으로 빛공해 피해 방지를 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 현재 빛공해 관리를 위한 자료수집에 있어 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 하고 있는 실정이다. 지속적인 빛공해 관리를 위하여 도시 전역 차원에서의 빛공해 변화를 고찰하고 수치화할 수 있는 빛공해 진단 방법의 고찰이 필요하다. 본 연구는 서울시 전역에 대해 빛 방사량 현황과 변화양상을 정량적으로 진단하고 각 지역의 빛 방사량 과도지역 및 빛 방사량 증감현상의 지역적 특징을 판단하고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구에서는 인공위성 데이터를 활용하여 수치적으로 빛 방사량을 진단할 수 있는 데이터베이스를 제작한다. 이를 활용하여 2012년부터 2016년까지 서울시 전역의 정량적 빛 방사량 현황 및 변화 양상을 파악한다. 또한, Getis Ord Gi* 통계량을 사용하여 서울시 빛공해 핫 스팟 지역을 도출하고 행정구역 별 변화를 고찰한 후, 빛공해 증감이 뚜렷한 지역들의 특징을 파악한다. (결과) 서울시 빛 방사량 지도에 기초한 결과, 지난 4년여 동안 서울시 총 빛 방사량은 약간 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 주로 구산-역촌-녹번-응암-수색-가좌의 은평구 일대, 목동-일상 일대, 신길-신대방-신림-서울대 일대, 기존 중심지인 강남-압구정-청담 및 논현-선릉 지역에서 벨트를 형성하며 빛 방사량이 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 그러나, 홍대-이태원-종로 등 활성화된 상권 지역과 마곡지구-세곡지구 등 신규 개발 지역을 중심으로 빛 방사량이 크게 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. (결론) 본 연구는 빛공해 관리를 위해 지속적이고 경제적인 방법론을 제안했다는 것에 그 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과물은 최근 중요한 환경문제로 언급되고 있는 빛공해를 지속적으로 관리하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하며, 이는 정책적 근거자료로 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 ‘빛공해 유발 가능성이 높은 지역’을 도출함으로써 현재 서울시에서 시행중인 ‘빛공해 관리방안’ 및 현재 용도지역을 기반으로 3~4종으로 운영되고 있는 조명관리지역의 지정기준을 보완할 수 있는 중요한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.
(Background and Purpose) Excessive artificial nightlight is considered a pollutant that adversely affects human health and ecosystems. Since the enactment of the Light Pollution Prevention Law in Korea, central and local governments have made efforts to monitor exposure to night pollution and mitigate its damage. Monitoring nightlight emission levels and night pollution damage takes a substantial amount of time and effort in collecting data that are useful for designing light pollution mitigation policies. Various methods for diagnosing light pollution must be developed to manage and control light pollution effectively. In particular, the monitoring of light pollution in urban space is crucial since urban areas are night pollution hotspots. The purpose of this study is to diagnose light emission levels and systematically and quantitatively identify changing patterns in Seoul. This study also evaluates local characteristics of sub regions in Seoul that show rapid changes in their nightlight emission levels. (Method) This study uses satellite nightlight data to quantify and measure urban light emission levels from 2012 to 2016. We use the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Day and Night Band (DNB) data from the Earth Ovsercation Group (EOG) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We create yearly composite data to calculate the light intensity of Seoul to evaluate the city’s light pollution status and change patterns. We also use Getis- Ord-Gi* statistics to identify nightlight hotspot areas. (Results) The results show that the total nightlight emission amounts in Seoul slightly decreased between 2012 and 2016 due to reductions in the following areas: (1) the Gusan-Yeokchon-Nokbeon-Eungam-Susaek-Gajwa areas in the Eunpyeong District, (2) the Mokdong-Ilsang areas, (3) the Singil-Sindaebang-Sillim-Seoul National University areas, and (4) aged business districts in the Gangnam areas: Gangnam-Apgujeong-Cheongdam-Nonhyeon-Seolleung areas. The proportion of highly polluted urban spaces has increased over time due to two main reasons: (1) the development of existing and new commercial areas (e.g., Hongdae, Itaewon, Jong-ro) and (2) new urban land development projects organized for mass housing-supply projects (e.g., Magok and Segok district). (Conclusions) The results of this study provide basic evidence for current nightlight emission changes in Seoul and methodologies to monitor light emissions and manage light pollution. Finally, this study can also be used to supplement the criteria for designation of the current four categories of lighting management zones. The results of this study (1) present methodologies to monitor nightlight emissions at a macro urban scale; (2) provide basic understanding and evidence for current and changing nightlight emission patterns; and (3) identify areas that have a high probability of light pollution exposure.
(Background and Purpose) Excessive artificial nightlight is considered a pollutant that adversely affects human health and ecosystems. Since the enactment of the Light Pollution Prevention Law in Korea, central and local governments have made efforts to monitor exposure to night pollution and mitigate its damage. Monitoring nightlight emission levels and night pollution damage takes a substantial amount of time and effort in collecting data that are useful for designing light pollution mitigation policies. Various methods for diagnosing light pollution must be developed to manage and control light pollution effectively. In particular, the monitoring of light pollution in urban space is crucial since urban areas are night pollution hotspots. The purpose of this study is to diagnose light emission levels and systematically and quantitatively identify changing patterns in Seoul. This study also evaluates local characteristics of sub regions in Seoul that show rapid changes in their nightlight emission levels. (Method) This study uses satellite nightlight data to quantify and measure urban light emission levels from 2012 to 2016. We use the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Day and Night Band (DNB) data from the Earth Ovsercation Group (EOG) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We create yearly composite data to calculate the light intensity of Seoul to evaluate the city’s light pollution status and change patterns. We also use Getis- Ord-Gi* statistics to identify nightlight hotspot areas. (Results) The results show that the total nightlight emission amounts in Seoul slightly decreased between 2012 and 2016 due to reductions in the following areas: (1) the Gusan-Yeokchon-Nokbeon-Eungam-Susaek-Gajwa areas in the Eunpyeong District, (2) the Mokdong-Ilsang areas, (3) the Singil-Sindaebang-Sillim-Seoul National University areas, and (4) aged business districts in the Gangnam areas: Gangnam-Apgujeong-Cheongdam-Nonhyeon-Seolleung areas. The proportion of highly polluted urban spaces has increased over time due to two main reasons: (1) the development of existing and new commercial areas (e.g., Hongdae, Itaewon, Jong-ro) and (2) new urban land development projects organized for mass housing-supply projects (e.g., Magok and Segok district). (Conclusions) The results of this study provide basic evidence for current nightlight emission changes in Seoul and methodologies to monitor light emissions and manage light pollution. Finally, this study can also be used to supplement the criteria for designation of the current four categories of lighting management zones. The results of this study (1) present methodologies to monitor nightlight emissions at a macro urban scale; (2) provide basic understanding and evidence for current and changing nightlight emission patterns; and (3) identify areas that have a high probability of light pollution exposure.
