Core & IMS Learning

🚀 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗠𝘆 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁-𝗟𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀! 🚀 Welcome to my telecom training hub, offering hands-on learning to help you excel in the telecom industry. Whether you're starting your journey or deepening your expertise, my courses cover essential topics in 5G, LTE, IMS, and more. Here’s a breakdown of the 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 I offer to elevate your telecom knowledge: 𝟭. 𝟱𝗚 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀: 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗗𝗲𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 & 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘀 📡 Dive deep into the 𝟱𝗚 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 network architecture and understand the deployment strategies and key protocols involved in building next-gen networks. 🔗 https://bit.ly/5G-Jan25 𝟮. 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 | 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗧𝗘 & 𝗜𝗠𝗦 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 📱 Master 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 technology and its integration with 𝗜𝗠𝗦 (IP Multimedia Subsystem) for seamless voice and multimedia communications. 🔗 https://bit.ly/VoLTE-Jan25 𝟯. 𝗦𝗜𝗣 | 𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 📞 Get a solid understanding of 𝗦𝗜𝗣 and its crucial role in managing and signaling voice and video calls in telecom networks. 🔗 https://bit.ly/SIP-Jan25 𝟰. 𝗖𝗦 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘀: 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝟮𝗚, 𝟯𝗚 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 📶 Unlock the secrets of 𝟮𝗚/𝟯𝗚 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 networks, their architecture, and core technologies that still power millions of connections worldwide. 🔗 https://bit.ly/CS-Jan25 𝟱. 𝗣𝗦 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆: 𝟰𝗚 𝗟𝗧𝗘 & 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 🌐 Explore the world of 𝟰𝗚 𝗟𝗧𝗘 and 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗲𝘁-𝗦𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, including the intricate architecture and key protocols that make mobile data flow seamlessly. 🔗 https://bit.ly/PS-Jan25 𝟲. 𝗦𝗦𝟳 & 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 & 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘀 🔐 Master the world of 𝗦𝗦𝟳 signaling and how 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡 plays a key role in modern telecom networks, ensuring efficient communication across systems. 🔗 https://bit.ly/SS7-Jan25 𝟳. 𝗖𝗦𝗙𝗕 𝗶𝗻 𝟰𝗚 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀: 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗵𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗶𝗿𝗰𝘂𝗶𝘁 𝗦𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 📴 Learn how 𝗖𝗦𝗙𝗕 (Circuit Switched Fallback) bridges voice services in 4G LTE networks with 2G/3G systems. 🔗 https://bit.ly/CSFB-Jan25 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗠𝘆 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀? ✅ 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀: Gain actionable knowledge that you can apply to your career. ✅ 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁-𝗟𝗲𝗱: Learn from my hands-on experience in the telecom industry. ✅ 𝗙𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: Access the courses at your pace and revisit topics when needed. ✅ 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀: Learn with real-life case studies for a deeper understanding. Whether you're starting out or refining your skills, these courses provide essential knowledge for success in telecom. 🔗 𝗚𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗼𝗱𝗮𝘆 and elevate your telecom career !

💡 𝗗𝗡𝗦 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗙𝗤𝗗𝗡 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗘𝗣𝗖: 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗳𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗚𝗪 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 In LTE EPC, DNS plays a pivotal role, especially in 𝗣𝗚𝗪 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, where the 𝗔𝗣𝗡-𝗙𝗤𝗗𝗡 becomes the key element to route traffic correctly. Let’s break down the process for better understanding. 📌 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗣𝗡-𝗙𝗤𝗗𝗡? The APN-FQDN is a Fully Qualified Domain Name that helps the UE connect to the correct Packet Gateway (PGW). Here’s how it is constructed: 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲: https://lnkd.in/d4MCQ4sy 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳: 1️⃣ 𝗔𝗣𝗡 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗿 (𝗔𝗣𝗡-𝗡𝗜): • Essentially the APN name from the UE’s perspective. • In this case: internettest. 2️⃣ 𝗔𝗣𝗡 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗿 (𝗔𝗣𝗡-𝗢𝗜): • Represents the operator’s specific information. • Example: .https://lnkd.in/dmjU7_bc. 🔍 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸? When the UE requests an APN, the DNS performs a series of NAPTR and SRV queries to resolve the APN-FQDN into the appropriate PGW address. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘁 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀: • A NAPTR query resolving the FQDN to a service, such as x-3gpp-ggsn or x-3gpp-pgw. • The DNS then uses the returned service to direct the traffic to the correct PGW. 🚨 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝗶𝗽: If the APN-FQDN resolution fails: • Verify the DNS configuration for the APN-FQDN. • Check for missing or incorrect entries in the DNS records. • Ensure that NAPTR and SRV queries are functioning correctly. 💬 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲: One of my students resolved a connectivity issue by identifying a misconfigured APN-FQDN in the DNS server. Updating the correct entry restored seamless PGW selection for the LTE network. 🌐 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿? Correct APN-FQDN configurations ensure efficient and accurate PGW selection, minimizing delays and improving end-user experience. Have you encountered similar DNS-related issues in your LTE/EPC networks? Share your experiences in the comments or connect to discuss further!

🚨 𝗧𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗽 𝗗𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘆𝘀: 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 🚨 🚀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀! 🚀 Another student from my 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 successfully addressed a 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗽 𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘆 𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂e. ⚠️ The root cause? Issues in 𝗦𝗜𝗣 (𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗹) signaling between the 𝗨𝗘 (𝗨𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗘𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁) and the 𝗜𝗠𝗦, specifically at the 𝗦-𝗖𝗦𝗖𝗙 (𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻) node. 🔎 The problem stemmed from 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗿 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 '𝗣-𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗱-𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆' 𝗮𝗻𝗱 '𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘁' 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 in the 𝗦𝗜𝗣 𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀. This caused the 𝗦-𝗖𝗦𝗖𝗙 to repeatedly 𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀, leading to delays as the network struggled to verify the 𝗨𝗘'𝘀 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆. 🔧 By properly configuring these headers, the student: ✅ 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 ✅ 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗽 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 ✅ 𝗘𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 💡 This 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 highlights the power of understanding and applying protocol-level configurations to solve complex telecom challenges. 📖 Stay tuned for more 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 from our community! #Telecom #Troubleshooting #VoLTE #Learning #NewSeries

🎯 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗗𝗿𝗼𝗽 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀: 𝗔 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆! 🚀 𝗡𝗲𝘅𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀! 🚀 A student from my 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 course recently addressed a 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲 with 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗽𝘀 on the P-CSCF (𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘅𝘆-𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻) node in the IMS. ⚠️ The issue? Incorrect 𝗤𝗖𝗜 (𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗿) settings. 🔧 Initially, the QCI value was set to 𝟳, typically used for 𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿-𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰. By correcting it to 𝟭, which is prioritized for 𝗩𝗼𝗟𝗧𝗘, they: ✅ 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗽𝘀 ✅ 𝗘𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 ✅ 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 💡 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗮𝗱𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 highlights the importance of precise configuration and the power of applying practical knowledge to solve real-world telecom challenges. 📖 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗱 for more 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 from our community! #Telecom #Troubleshooting #VoLTE #Learning #NewSeries

🔍 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 Recently, a student from my 𝗘𝗣𝗖 course shared an 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲 they faced at work: ⚠️ They encountered a problem with the 𝗦𝟭 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗲 between the 𝗲𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗕 and the 𝗠𝗠𝗘, which disrupted signaling. The issue stemmed from a 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 in the 𝗦𝟭𝗔𝗣 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗽 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀: 1️⃣ The 𝗣𝗟𝗠𝗡 𝗜𝗗 was incorrectly configured, causing connection failures. The correct PLMN ID should 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿. 2️⃣ The 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 required adjustment to align with the network's configuration. 💡 By applying their knowledge from the course, they quickly 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 these issues, successfully restoring the connection and network functionality. ✨ 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 the power of practical learning in tackling real-world telecom challenges. 📘 If you're looking to gain 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀-𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 in troubleshooting and optimizing network configurations, check out my course on 𝗨𝗱𝗲𝗺𝘆! #Telecom #Troubleshooting #Learning #NewSeries

🚀 𝗘𝘅𝗰𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁! 🚀 I'm 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 to introduce a 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 where I'll be sharing 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹-𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 from my students and how the skills they gained from my courses have helped them solve 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘅 𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺 𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘀. ✨ Over time, many of my students have reached out, sharing how they've applied what they've learned to overcome challenges at work. 📢 Starting in just 𝗢𝗡𝗘 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥, I'll be posting the 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 from this series. 📖 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗱 for some insightful stories and practical examples. Whether you're looking to 𝗲𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 or solve 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺𝘀, there's something here for everyone! #Telecom #Troubleshooting #Learning #NewSeries

🎉 Happy New Year 2025! 🎉 Wishing you a year full of laughter, love, and… fewer midnight regrets! 😉 Remember: New Year = Another chance to say, “This year, I’m sticking to my diet” (and break it with the first chocolate bar 🍫).

🚀 𝟰𝗚-𝟱𝗚 𝗛𝘆𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲: 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 📶 As the telecom industry progresses toward fully adopting 5G, the 𝟰𝗚-𝟱𝗚 𝗵𝘆𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗲 has become a vital architecture for ensuring a smooth transition. This architecture allows operators to utilize both 𝟰𝗚 (𝗘𝗣𝗖) and 𝟱𝗚 (𝟱𝗚𝗖) cores, enabling interoperability and efficient resource utilization. 🔑 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: • The 4G MME interfaces with the 5G AMF for seamless mobility and session management. • Components like the 𝗛𝗦𝗦 + 𝗨𝗗𝗠 and 𝗣𝗖𝗥𝗙 + 𝗣𝗖𝗙 ensure unified authentication and policy control across both generations. 𝗨𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗲 𝗙𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: • The interconnection supports both legacy 4G (eNB) and advanced 5G (gNB) radio networks. • Nodes like 𝗦𝗚𝗪-𝗨 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗨𝗣𝗙 ensure efficient data routing, enabling devices to switch between 4G and 5G networks seamlessly. 𝗙𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲-𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀: • By leveraging this hybrid setup, operators can maximize their existing investments in 4G infrastructure while gradually deploying 5G capabilities. 📞 𝗘𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲: 𝗔 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝟰𝗚-𝟱𝗚 𝗛𝘆𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲: 1. 𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: A user equipment (UE) initially connects via a 4G eNB and is authenticated by the MME, interfacing with the HSS. 𝟮. 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝟱𝗚: When the UE moves to a 5G coverage area, the MME coordinates with the AMF to transfer control signaling. 𝟯. 𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: The SMF and PGW-C ensure a seamless transition of session continuity between the SGW-U (4G) and UPF (5G). 𝟰. 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝘄: User traffic is routed through the appropriate data plane (e.g., SGW-U for 4G or UPF for 5G), ensuring uninterrupted connectivity. 🌟 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗜𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀: The hybrid core architecture exemplifies how innovation and backward compatibility can coexist. It ensures uninterrupted service while paving the way for transformative 5G use cases like IoT, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and enhanced mobile broadband. 𝗟𝗲𝘁’𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘀: How are operators in your region tackling the 4G-to-5G transition? Drop your insights below! 👇 #5G #4G #Telecom #HybridCore #Networking #Innovation

🌟 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆: 𝟱𝗚 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲! 🌐 Are you ready to dive into the cutting-edge world of 5G? Our course, "𝟱𝗚 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲: 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝗲𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁", offers everything you need to understand and excel in the next-generation telecom ecosystem. 📖 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀: • Transition from 4G to 5G: Explore IMT standards, deployment timelines, and the evolution of core network architecture. • Key 5G Concepts: Gain expertise in SA vs. NSA, network slicing, cloud-native design, and service-based architecture. • Advanced Network Functions: Master components like AMF, UPF, SMF, and their roles in 5G. • Hands-on Learning: Analyze call flows using Wireshark and understand seamless 4G-5G integration. 🔥 𝗘𝗻𝗱-𝗼𝗳-𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲: Don’t miss out on our biggest sale of the year! Enroll now to enjoy special discounts on this transformative course. ⭐ 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗱𝗲: Swipe up to see what others are saying about the course! Their reviews speak for themselves. 👉 𝗘𝗻𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗼𝘄 and start your journey: https://lnkd.in/d67EF-rF Let’s build the future of connectivity together! #5G #Telecom #5GCore #Networking #Innovation #Learning

🌐 𝗨𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗠𝗠𝗘 𝘃𝘀. 𝗔𝗠𝗙 📶 As we transition from 4G to 5G, the architecture of the core network has undergone significant changes to meet the demands of next-generation connectivity. A key comparison lies between the 𝗠𝗠𝗘 (𝗠𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆) in 4G and the 𝗔𝗠𝗙 (𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻) in 5G. Here’s how these two nodes differ while sharing some core functionalities: 🔍 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀: • Both manage UE registration, mobility, and session establishment. • Handle authentication by interfacing with relevant subscription and authentication systems (HSS in 4G vs. AUSF/UDM in 5G). • Initiate paging for idle UEs to deliver data or notifications. • Maintain strong interaction with the RAN (eNodeB in 4G, gNodeB in 5G). ⚙️ 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀: 1️⃣ 𝗦𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: In 4G, the MME partially manages sessions, working closely with the SGW/PGW. In 5G, this responsibility is shifted to the SMF (Session Management Function), allowing the AMF to focus exclusively on signaling and mobility. 2️⃣ 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗦𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴: AMF supports network slicing, enabling differentiated services within the same network infrastructure—something MME doesn’t handle. 3️⃣ 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲-𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: AMF operates in a service-based architecture with RESTful APIs, while MME relies on more traditional interfaces. 🌟 𝗧𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗮𝘄𝗮𝘆: The AMF represents a modular and scalable approach, aligning with 5G’s design to handle diverse use cases like IoT, enhanced mobile broadband, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. Meanwhile, the MME reflects the centralized nature of 4G EPC. The transition from 𝗠𝗠𝗘 to 𝗔𝗠𝗙 is a testament to the industry’s commitment to creating a flexible, efficient, and future-proof network architecture. What are your thoughts on this evolution? Let’s discuss below! 👇 #Telecom #5GCore #4G #MME #AMF #Networking #Technology