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Cantacuzino family

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Coat of arms of Gheorghe Cantacuzino, Great Ban of Craiova in 1719–1726

The House of Cantacuzino (French: Cantacuzène; Russian: Кантакузен, romanized: Kantakuzen) is a Romanian aristocratic family of Greek origin.[1][2] The family gave a number of princes to Wallachia and Moldavia, and it claimed descent from a branch of the Byzantine Kantakouzenos family, specifically from Byzantine Emperor[3] John VI Kantakouzenos (reigned 1347–1354). After the Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11, a lateral branch of the family settled in Russia, receiving the princely (Knyaz, as opposed to Velikij Knyaz) status. In 1944, Prince Ștefan Cantacuzino settled in Sweden, where his descendants form part of the unintroduced nobility of that country.[4]

Origin of the family

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Cantacuzino arms as used in the Kingdom of Romania, c. 1900
Further information: Kantakouzenos

Members of the family claim that the genealogical links between the original House of Kantakouzinos and the subsequent House of Cantacuzino have been extensively researched.[5] The family first appears among the Phanariotes in the late 16th century, with Michael "Şeytanoğlu" Kantakouzenos, after a gap of over a century from the Fall of Constantinople.[6] Whether the family is indeed linked to the Byzantine imperial house of Kantakouzenos is disputed, as it was usual among wealthy Greeks of the time to assume Byzantine surnames and claim descent from the famous noble houses of their Byzantine past.[6] The first member of the family to publicly stress his imperial descent on an international level was the adventurer and pretender Radu Cantacuzino (1699–1761), who produced a genealogy linking himself to Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, though it contained several invented figures. Radu also changed his coat of arms from the earlier arms depicting an eagle holding a cross, to a new rendition with more shields representing various families and regions, a version still in use by the family today.[7][8][9]

The eminent Byzantinist Steven Runciman considered the latter-day Kantakouzenoi "perhaps the only family whose claim to be in the direct line from Byzantine Emperors, as authentic",[10] but according to the historian Donald Nicol, "Patriotic Rumanian historians have indeed labored to show that ... of all the Byzantine imperial families that of the Kantakouzenos is the only one which can truthfully be said to have survived to this day; but the line of succession after the middle of the fifteenth century is, to say the least, uncertain."[11]

The origin of the Byzantine family can be traced to Smyrna. The Greek scholar Konstantinos Amantos suggested that "Kantakouzenos" derives from κατὰ-κουζηνᾶν or κατὰ-κουζηνόν, ultimately from the locality of Kouzenas, a name for the southern part of Mount Sipylon near Smyrna. Donald Nicol agrees with this theory, and lists some connections the Kantakouzenoi had with the locale in the 11th and 13th centuries.[12]

Origin of the Romanian branch

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Cantacuzino Palace in Bucharest, Romania
Cantacuzino Castle in Bușteni, Romania

The Greek Kantakouzenos family had been active in Constantinople and Greece during the Greek War of Independence,[13] but several branches of the original Greek family were created via the migrations and establishment of Kantakouzenos family members to different parts of Europe. Two of those new branches were the Romanian (Wallachian and Moldavian) Cantacuzino branch as well as the Russian branch (which is an offshoot of the Wallachian-Moldavian one, among the Russian branch's members Prince Michael who married in 1892 Olga Nikolaievna, daughter of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia). As a consequence of the Russian Revolution and the Soviet occupation of Romania after World War II, (between 1944 and 1947) the last two branches now mostly live in Western Europe and North America.[5][14]

According to Jean-Michel Cantacuzène and Mihail Sturdza, the origin of the Cantacuzino family in Romania is traced to Andronikos Kantakouzenos (1553–1601; also known as Andronik),[3] a Greek financier from Constantinople, son of the "Prince of the Greeks" Michael "Şeytanoğlu" Kantakouzenos.[5] Andronikos had among his several sons two who became "boyars" in what today is Romania and founded the yet-surviving new branches of Cantacuzino:

  • "boyar" Georgios 'Iordaki' Kantakouzenos became forefather of the Moldavian branch, which soon branched to Cantacuzino-Deleanu and Cantacuzino-Pasceanu.
  • "boyar" Konstantinos 'Kostaki' Kantakouzenos married an heiress (daughter) of the late reigning prince Radu Șerban, onetime ruler of Wallachia, and they founded the Wallachian branches which soon clashed against the Ghica family over power.

Family tree of notable members

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kaplan, Robert D. (2016-02-09). In Europe's Shadow: Two Cold Wars and a Thirty-Year Journey Through Romania and Beyond. Random House Publishing Group. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8129-9682-1.
  2. ^ Haan, Francisca de; Daskalova, Krassimira; Loutfi, Anna (2006-01-10). A Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries. Central European University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-615-5053-72-6.
  3. ^ a b Gaster, Moses (1911). "Cantacuzino" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 208.
  4. ^ Carl Otto Werkelid, Utländska släkter med stamtavla. In: Svenska Dagbladet, 26 April 2005 online. Retrieved on 12 September 2016.
  5. ^ a b c Jean-Michel Cantacuzène, Mille ans dans les Balkans Éditions Christian Paris (1992) ISBN 2-86496-054-0.
  6. ^ a b Finlay, George (1856). The History of Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 188–189.
  7. ^ Chindriş, Ioan; Iacob, Niculina (2015). O diplomă privilegială inedită a episcopului Inochentie Micu-Klein [An unprecedented privileged diploma of Bishop Inochentie Micu-Klein] (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: National Library of Romania. ISBN 978-6066903264.
  8. ^ Olar, Ovidiu (2014). "Intrigi politice, strategii de ascensiune socială și genealogii fabuloase. Episcopul Inochentie Micu, Cavaler și Prefect Suprem pentru Dacia al Ordinului "Constantinian" al Sf. Gheorghe" [Political Intrigues, Strategies to Achieving a Higher Social Status and Fabulous Genealogies. Bishop Inochentie Micu, Knight and Supreme Prefect for Dacia of the "Constantinian" Order of St. George]. Apulum (in Romanian). 51 (2): 129–161. ISSN 1013-428X.
  9. ^ Opaschi, Cătălina (2006–2007). "O genealogie inedită a familiei Cantacuzino şi herburi Cantacuzine" [New genealogy of Cantacuzino family and Cantacuzian herbs] (PDF). Cercetari Numismatice. 12/13: 535–565.
  10. ^ Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 197. ISBN 0-521-31310-4.
  11. ^ Nicol, Donald (1968). The Byzantine family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460: A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study. Dumbarton Oaks studies 11. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. p. v. OCLC 390843.
  12. ^ Nicol, Donald (1968). The Byzantine family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460: A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study. Dumbarton Oaks studies 11. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. pp. viii ff. OCLC 390843.
  13. ^ "Verisys".
  14. ^ Cantacuzène, Jean Michel (December 1992). Mille ans dans les Balkans: Chronique des Cantacuzène dans la tourmente des siècles (French ed.). Editions Christian. p. 6. ISBN 9782864960546.
  15. ^ Mihaela Roco and Mihail C. Roco, Diplomatie si Poezie - Contributia Europeana a lui Scarlat A. Cantacuzino (Charles-Adolphe Cantacuzène), 176 p. Bucharest: Editura Universitară, 2018. ISBN 978-606-28-0770-2. (http://www.editurauniversitara.ro/carte/istorie-75/diplomatie_si_poezie___contributia_europeana_a_lui_scarlat_a_cantacuzino_charles_adolphe_cantacuzne/11683[permanent dead link‍])
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