ἐνέργεια

See also: ενέργεια

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐνεργής (energḗs) +‎ -ιᾰ (-iă); for the former component, see ἐνεργός (energós, “at work; active”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.nér.ɡeː.a/ → /eˈner.ʝi.a/ → /eˈner.ʝi.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.nér.ɡeː.a/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈner.ɡi.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈner.ʝi.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈner.ʝi.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈner.ʝi.a/

Noun

ἐνέργειᾰ • (enérgeiă) f (genitive ἐνεργείᾱς); first declension

1. activity, operation, vigour, efficiency
2. workmanship
3. godly action, cosmic force
4. (grammar) the active voice
5. the active principle in Aristotelian ontology (Latin actus)
6. actuality (Aristotelian philosophy)

Declension

First declension of ἡ ἐνέργειᾰ; τῆς ἐνεργείᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἐνέργειᾰ hē enérgeiă	τὼ ἐνεργείᾱ tṑ energeíā	αἱ ἐνέργειαι hai enérgeiai
Genitive	τῆς ἐνεργείᾱς tês energeíās	τοῖν ἐνεργείαιν toîn energeíain	τῶν ἐνεργειῶν tôn energeiôn
Dative	τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ têi energeíāi	τοῖν ἐνεργείαιν toîn energeíain	ταῖς ἐνεργείαις taîs energeíais
Accusative	τὴν ἐνέργειᾰν tḕn enérgeiăn	τὼ ἐνεργείᾱ tṑ energeíā	τᾱ̀ς ἐνεργείᾱς tā̀s energeíās
Vocative	ἐνέργειᾰ enérgeiă	ἐνεργείᾱ energeíā	ἐνέργειαι enérgeiai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: ενέργεια (enérgeia)
• → Latin: energia
  • Catalan: energia
  • French: énergie
    • → Azerbaijani: enerji
    • → Czech: energie
    • → Danish: energi
    • → Dutch: energie
      • → Indonesian: energi
    • → English: energy
      • → Cebuano: enerdyi
      • → Japanese: エナジー (enajī)
      • → Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: energi
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: energi
    • → Persian: انرژی (enerži)
    • → Romanian: energie
    • → Swedish: energi
    • → Turkish: enerji
  • Galician: enerxía
  • Italian: energia
  • Occitan: energia
  • Portuguese: energia
  • Romanian: energie
  • Spanish: energía
  • → Esperanto: energio
  • → Estonian: energia
  • → Finnish: energia
  • → Hungarian: energia
  • → Polish: energia
• → German: Energie
  • → Japanese: エネルギー
  • → Korean: 에네르기 (enereugi)
  • → Russian: эне́ргия (enérgija)
    • → Armenian: էներգիա (ēnergia)
    • → Bulgarian: ене́ргия (enérgija)
    • → Georgian: ენერგია (energia)
    • → Ingrian: energia
    • → Kazakh: энергия (énergiä)
    • → Uyghur: ئېنېرگىيە (ënërgiye)
• → Ukrainian: ене́ргія (enérhija)

Further reading

• “ἐνέργεια”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐνέργεια”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἐνέργεια in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἐνέργεια in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• G1753 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible