¿Cómo se evita que la electricidad estática dañe los componentes electrónicos?

ESD, Electrostatic Discharge, occurs when a voltage equalization occurs between two objects with different charges. Electronic components are sensitive to sudden, rapid discharge, which can also cause lightning.

Here how you can prevent static electricity from damaging electronic components: 1. **Anti-Static Mat**: Use an anti-static mat when working with sensitive components. 2. **Anti-Static Wrist Strap**: Wear an anti-static wrist strap to ground yourself. 3. **Humidity Control**: Maintain a moderate level of humidity in the work area. 4. **Avoid Synthetic Materials**: Synthetic materials can generate static electricity. 5. **Anti-Static Bags**: Store and transport components in anti-static bags. 6. **Grounded Tools**: Use tools that are grounded or have anti-static properties. 7. **Proper Handling**: Handle components by the edges to avoid touching the pins.

Additionally, I would have a ground strap tester to ensure your ground straps are in proper working order before use. Loose straps or connections in the ground strap render them ineffective.

A ground strap from you to the electronic equipment you are working on is necessary right from the start. I am an electronic technician with an interprovincial red seal journeyman status, so I do know what I am talking about!

A conductive wristband is used for working with ESD-sensitive components. This is connected to the floor earthing with a 1 mega ohm resistor or, in Switzerland, to the middle pole of a 230V plug and plugged in, this is only to be carried out by specialists who know exactly what they are doing, 230V is life-threatening.

In the manufacturing industry that build these parts, esd friendly shoes and esd friendly paint on floor surfaces was a requirement of working with the esd sensitive products

For mobile use, I use an ESD protective mat, which has a connection to the 230V socket and a button for connecting the ESD wristband. In the ESD laboratory, grounded ESD sheets by the meter are used to cover the work surfaces, antistatic carpets or floor coverings, and the chairs with castors should also be ESD-friendly. Special ESD-protected soldering irons are used.

For ESD protection, there are antistatic plastic bags in which boards and larger components are stored and shipped. For integrated circuit ICs with solder pins, MOS mats are used in which the ICs can be inserted. Small ESD sensitive SMD components should be stored in ESD friendly storage systems.

In an air-conditioned, heated ESD laboratory, humidity and temperature are constant and there is less dust and moisture, so there is less stress on the components. If work is carried out according to ESD specifications, the electronics will work and can be tested for proper function. If ESD damage has occurred, the components may only appear later; such damage cannot be detected in a circuit. When testing the effects of ESD, components may fail or be damaged; electronics tested in this way can no longer be put back into operation as they are unreliable.

Humidity should be monitored using an automatic sensing device that sends signal to the HVAC to regulate the humidity. A humidity level of 30% should be the minimum and not exceeding 70%. Always consult the quality engineer to review customer's and manufacturing facility requirements.

One thing I was taught to do is alway ground yourself before touching any esd sensitive parts to get rid of any charge your body may have stored

When cleaning around ESD sensitive complements, use an ESD compliant vacuum cleaner, ESD brushes, and avoid using compressed air.