(1)

The European Council meeting in extraordinary session on 23 April 2015 recalled the seriousness of the situation in the Mediterranean and expressed its determination that the Union should mobilise all efforts at its disposal to prevent further loss of life at sea and to tackle the root causes of the humanitarian emergency. The European Council further committed to set up a first voluntary pilot project on resettlement across the Union, offering places to persons qualifying for protection (1).

(2)

In its resolution of 29 April 2015, the European Parliament called upon the Member States to make greater contributions to existing resettlement programmes and stressed the need to ensure safe and legal access to the Union asylum system (2).

(3)

There is currently a significant imbalance between Member States as regards the commitment to resettle persons. Only 15 Member States and three Associated States have a resettlement programme (with one further Member State announcing the start of a resettlement programme), three Member States and one Associated State have carried out resettlement on an ad hoc basis, while the others do not engage in resettlement at all.

(4)

In 2014, the number of asylum applicants in the Union reached a peak of 626 000, while 6 380 third-country nationals in need of international protection were resettled in the Union (3). The number of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced people worldwide in 2013 exceeded 50 million people, for the first time since World War II (4).

(5)

The Justice and Home Affairs Council Conclusions of 10 October 2014 acknowledged that ‘[…] while taking into account the efforts carried out by Member States affected by migratory flows, all Member States should give their contribution to [resettlement] in a fair and balanced manner’ (5).

(6)

On 13 May 2015, the Commission presented a comprehensive European Agenda on Migration (6) that, inter alia, defines a set of immediate measures tailored to respond to the human tragedy in the whole of the Mediterranean.

(7)

To avoid displaced persons in need of protection having to resort to the criminal networks of smugglers and traffickers, the Agenda calls the European Union to step up its resettlement efforts. Accordingly, the Commission is making this Recommendation proposing for an EU-wide resettlement scheme to offer 20 000 places on the basis of a distribution key.

(8)

In case Associated States decide to participate, the distribution key and allocations per each Member State and participating Associated State would be adapted accordingly.

(9)

In the light of previous discussions during a dedicated meeting of the Resettlement and Relocation Forum on 25 November 2014, the distribution key should be based on (a) the size of the population (40 % weighting), (b) the total GDP (40 % weighting), (c) the average number of spontaneous asylum applications and the number of resettled refugees per million inhabitants over the period 2010-2014 (10 % weighting), and (d) the unemployment rate (10 % weighting).

(10)

A total of 20 000 persons should be admitted to the Union during a 2-year period of implementation of this scheme by the Member States. The responsibility for hosting such persons should lie solely with the participating States, in line with the relevant Union and international rules. This corresponds to the call by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) who urged European countries to make larger commitments to receive refugees through sustainable resettlement programmes, endorsing the campaign led by the International Organisation for Migration and five non-governmental organisations.

(11)

In identifying the priority regions, the situation in the neighbourhood and the current migratory flows should be taken into account, in particular the link with the Regional Development and Protection Programmes in the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.

(12)

The experience and expertise of the UNHCR and other relevant bodies, including the European Asylum Support Office, should be called upon to assist in the implementation of the resettlement scheme.

(13)

Measures should be taken in order to avoid secondary movements of resettled persons from the State of resettlement to other Member States and participating Associated States.

(14)

The Commission envisages contributing to the scheme by making available an extra EUR 50 million in the years 2015 and 2016 under the Union Resettlement Programme, set out in Article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (7). In order to optimise the use of the financial incentives, the Commission will adjust the lump sums and resettlement priorities provided for in that programme through a delegated act, in accordance with Article 17(4) and (10) of Regulation (EU) No 516/2014. In case the Associated States decide to participate in the resettlement scheme, they could not benefit from lump sums under Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 in compensation for their pledges,