1.   The Tribunal shall appoint the Registrar.

2.   When the post of Registrar is vacant, an advertisement shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Interested persons shall be invited to submit their applications within a time-limit of not less than three weeks, accompanied by full details of their university degrees, knowledge of languages, present and past professional occupations, experience, if any, in judicial and international fields, and their nationality.

3.   Two weeks before the date fixed for making the appointment, the President of the Tribunal shall inform the Judges of the applications which have been submitted for the post.

4.   The vote shall take place in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7(3).

5.   The Registrar shall be appointed for a term of six years. He may be reappointed. The Tribunal may decide to renew the term of office of the incumbent Registrar without availing itself of the procedure laid down in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article. In that case, the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 shall apply.

6.   Before he takes up his duties, the Registrar shall take before the Tribunal the oath set out in Article 3 and sign the declaration provided for in Article 4.

7.   The name of the Registrar shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

1.   The Registrar may be deprived of his office only if he no longer fulfils the requisite conditions or no longer meets the obligations arising from his office. The Tribunal shall take its decision after giving the Registrar an opportunity to make representations.

2.   If the office of Registrar falls vacant before the normal date of expiry of the term thereof, the Tribunal shall appoint a new Registrar for a term of six years.

1.   Where the Registrar is absent or prevented from acting and where the Deputy Registrar, if any, is absent or so prevented, or where their posts are vacant, the President of the Tribunal shall designate an official or servant to carry out the duties of Registrar.

2.   Where the Tribunal sits without the Registrar being present it shall, if necessary, instruct a Judge, designated in accordance with the reverse order of seniority to that referred to in Article 6, to draw up minutes. The minutes shall be signed by this Judge and by the President.

1.   Under the authority of the President of the Tribunal, the Registrar shall be responsible for the Registry; he shall, inter alia, be responsible for the acceptance, transmission and custody of all documents and for effecting service as provided for by these Rules.

2.   The Registrar shall assist the Members of the Tribunal in the performance of their functions. Subject to Articles 5, 17(1) and 29, the Registrar shall attend the sittings of the Tribunal and prepare minutes of them.

3.   The Registrar shall have custody of the seals and shall be responsible for the records. He shall be in charge of the publications of the Tribunal and, in particular, the European Court Reports.

4.   With the assistance of the services of the institution and under the authority of the President of the Tribunal, the Registrar shall be responsible for the administration of the Tribunal and shall oversee the implementation of corresponding revenue and expenditure.

1.   There shall be kept in the Registry, under the responsibility of the Registrar, a register in which all procedural documents shall be entered in the order in which they are submitted. Entries in the register and the notes made by the Registrar on the originals or on any copy submitted for the purpose shall be authentic.

2.   Documents drawn up for the purposes of an amicable settlement within the meaning of Article 90 shall be registered separately by the Registry.

1.   Without prejudice to Articles 44(3), 47 and 87(3), any party to proceedings may:

2.   No third party, private or public, may consult a case-file without the express authorisation of the President of the Tribunal, after the parties have been heard. That authorisation may be granted, in whole or in part, only upon written request accompanied by a detailed explanation of the third party's legitimate interest in inspecting the file. The inspection may only be carried out at the Registry.

Any third party may obtain, on payment of the appropriate charge, copies of judgments and orders. Those copies shall be certified copies where there is a legitimate interest justifying this.

Any person having a duly substantiated interest may be authorised by the President of the Tribunal to consult the register at the Registry and obtain copies or extracts on payment of the appropriate charge.

On the issue of copies of judgments or orders, and on the grant of the authorisation referred to in the first or third subparagraph of this paragraph, account shall be taken, if necessary, of Articles 44(3), 47, 48 and 87(3) and of decisions taken on the basis of those articles.

1.   Pursuant to the first paragraph of Article 19 of the Statute, the agents, advisers or lawyers acting on behalf of a Member State or an institution are required to furnish proof of their status by lodging at the Registry an official document or an authority to act issued by the party whom they are representing or assisting.

2.   Pursuant to the first, third and fourth paragraphs of Article 19 of the Statute, lawyers are required to furnish proof of their status by lodging at the Registry a certificate that they are authorised to practise before a court of a Member State or of another State which is a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area.

1.   Agents, advisers and lawyers who appear before the Tribunal or before any judicial authority to which it has addressed letters rogatory shall enjoy immunity in respect of words spoken or written by them concerning the case or the parties.

2.   Agents, advisers and lawyers shall also enjoy the following privileges and facilities:

3.   Agents, advisers and lawyers shall be entitled to the privileges, immunities and facilities specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, provided they observe beforehand the formalities set out in Article 31. The Registrar of the Tribunal shall issue them with a certificate, as required. The validity of this certificate shall be limited to a specified period, which may be extended or curtailed according to the length of the proceedings.

1.   The privileges, immunities and facilities specified in Article 32 are granted exclusively in the interests of the proper conduct of proceedings.

2.   The Tribunal may waive immunity where it considers that the proper conduct of proceedings will not be hindered thereby.

The Tribunal shall decide after hearing the agent, adviser or lawyer concerned.

1.   If the Tribunal considers that the conduct of an agent, adviser or lawyer before the Tribunal is incompatible with the dignity of the Tribunal or with the requirements of the proper administration of justice, or that such agent, adviser or lawyer is using his rights for purposes other than those for which they were granted, it shall inform the person concerned. The President of the Tribunal may inform the competent authorities to whom the person concerned is answerable; a copy of the letter sent to those authorities shall be forwarded to the person concerned.

2.   On the same grounds, the Tribunal may at any time, having heard the person concerned, decide to exclude an agent, adviser or lawyer from the proceedings by reasoned order. That order shall have immediate effect.

3.   Where an agent, adviser or lawyer is excluded from the proceedings, the proceedings shall be suspended for a period fixed by the President in order to allow the party concerned to appoint another agent, adviser or lawyer.

4.   Decisions taken under this Article may be rescinded.

1.   Where these Rules require that a document be served on a person, the Registrar shall ensure that service is effected at that person's address for service either by dispatch by registered post with a form for acknowledgement of receipt or by personal delivery against a receipt. The Registrar shall prepare and certify the copies of documents to be served, save where the parties themselves supply the copies in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 45(2).

2.   Where the addressee has agreed that service is to be effected on him by telefax, any procedural document, including a judgment or order of the Tribunal, shall be served by the transmission of a copy of the document by such means.

3.   Where, for technical reasons or on account of the nature or length of the document, such transmission is impossible or impracticable, the document shall be served, if the addressee has not specified an address for service, at his address in accordance with the procedures laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article. The addressee shall be so informed by telefax. Service shall then be deemed to have been effected on the addressee by registered post on the 10th day following the lodging of the registered letter at the post office of the place in which the Tribunal has its seat, unless it is shown by the acknowledgement of receipt that the letter was received on a different date or the addressee informs the Registrar, within three weeks of being informed by telefax, that the document to be served has not reached him.

4.   The Tribunal may, by decision, determine the criteria for a procedural document to be served by electronic means. That decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

1.   Any procedural time-limit prescribed by the Treaties, the Statute, the Staff Regulations or these Rules shall be calculated as follows:

2.   If the time-limit, extended in accordance with Article 38, would otherwise end on a Saturday, Sunday or an official holiday, it shall be extended until the end of the first subsequent working day.

1.   Dates or time-limits by which procedural documents must be lodged which are not fixed by the Staff Regulations or by these Rules shall be prescribed by the President. They may also be extended by him.

By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, the dates or time-limits by which replies to measures of organisation of procedure prescribed by the Judge-Rapporteur under Article 69(2) must be lodged shall be fixed and, if appropriate, extended by the Judge-Rapporteur.

2.   The President, or the Judge-Rapporteur in the case referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, may delegate power to the Registrar for the purpose of fixing or extending certain time-limits which, pursuant to these Rules, it falls to the President or Judge-Rapporteur to prescribe or extend.

3.   The Tribunal shall decide, after hearing the parties, whether the failure to observe dates or time-limits which are not fixed by the Staff Regulations or by these Rules renders the procedural document or reply at issue inadmissible.

The preceding subparagraph shall apply to the failure to observe the time-limit prescribed in the first subparagraph of Article 88(3) for the lodging of the statement in intervention.

1.   Without prejudice to the special provisions laid down in the Statute or in these Rules, the procedure before the Tribunal shall consist of a written part and an oral part.

2.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1, a case may be dealt with under one of the procedures referred to in Chapter 4 of this title. The Tribunal may also, at any time, attempt to facilitate the amicable settlement of the dispute.

1.   The Tribunal shall deal with the cases before it in the order in which they become ready for examination.

2.   The President may in special circumstances, after hearing the parties, direct that a particular case be given priority, in particular where that case may be treated as a test case among a group of cases raising, in a similar factual context, one or more identical questions of law.

The President shall if necessary refer the matter to the President of the Tribunal.

3.   The President may, after hearing the parties, in special circumstances, in particular with a view to facilitating an amicable settlement of the dispute, either on his own initiative or at the request of one of the parties, defer a case to be dealt with later.

1.   Without prejudice to Articles 125(5), 126(4) and 127(6), proceedings may be stayed:

2.   The President shall decide, after hearing the parties. He may refer the matter to the Tribunal. In the event of an objection, a decision on the staying of proceedings shall be made by reasoned order.

3.   Any decision ordering the resumption of proceedings before the end of the stay or as referred to in Article 43(3) shall be adopted in accordance with the same procedure.

1.   The stay of proceedings shall take effect on the date indicated in the decision or order of stay or, in the absence of such indication, on the date of that decision or that order.

2.   While proceedings are stayed time shall cease to run for the purposes of procedural time-limits, except for the time-limit prescribed in Article 86(1) for an application to intervene.

3.   Where the decision or order of stay does not fix the length of stay, it shall end on the date indicated in the decision or order of resumption or, in the absence of such indication, on the date of the decision or order of resumption.

4.   From the date of resumption of proceedings following a stay, the suspended procedural time-limits shall be replaced by new time-limits and time shall begin to run from the date of that resumption.

1.   Two or more cases may be joined, on account of the connection between them, for the purposes of the written or oral part of the procedure or of the decision which closes the proceedings.

A decision on whether cases should be joined shall be taken at any time by the President, after hearing the parties. In the event of an objection, that decision shall take the form of a reasoned order. The President may refer that matter to the Tribunal.

2.   In accordance with the provisions of the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, the President may disjoin previously joined cases or separate the case of one or more applicants who, together with others, have brought a group action.

3.   The representatives of the parties to the joined cases may examine at the Registry the procedural documents served on the parties in the other cases concerned. The President may, however, on application by a party, without prejudice to Article 47(1) and (2), exclude secret or confidential documents from that examination.

1.   All procedural documents shall bear a date. In the calculation of procedural time-limits, only the date and time of lodging of the original at the Registry shall be taken into account.

To every procedural document there shall be annexed a file containing the items of evidence and documents relied on in support of it, together with a schedule listing them.

Where in view of the length of an item of evidence or document only extracts from it are annexed to the procedural document, the whole item of evidence or document or a full copy of it shall be lodged at the Registry.

The institutions shall in addition produce, within time-limits laid down by the Tribunal, translations of the procedural documents of which they are the author into the other languages provided for by Article 1 of Council Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community.

2.   The original paper version of every procedural document must bear the handwritten signature of the party's agent or lawyer.

The original, accompanied by all annexes referred to therein, shall be submitted together with five copies for the Tribunal and a copy for every other party to the proceedings. Copies shall be certified by the party lodging them.

By way of derogation from the second sentence of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1, the date on and time at which a copy of the signed original of a procedural document, including the schedule of items of evidence and documents referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 is received at the Registry by telefax shall be deemed to be the date and time of lodging for the purposes of compliance with the procedural time-limits, provided that the signed original of the procedural document, accompanied by the annexes and copies referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, is lodged at the Registry no later than 10 days after the copy of the original was received. Article 38 shall not apply to this period of 10 days.

3.   The Tribunal shall, by decision, determine the criteria for a procedural document sent to the Registry by electronic means to be deemed to be the original of that document. That decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

1.   Subject to Article 44(3) and Article 87(3), the Tribunal shall take into consideration only those documents and items of evidence which have been made available to the agents, advisers or lawyers of the parties and on which they have been given an opportunity of expressing their views.

2.   Where it is necessary for the Tribunal to verify the confidentiality, in respect of one or more parties, of a document that may be relevant in order to rule in a case, that document shall not be communicated to the parties before such verification is completed.

3.   Where a document to which access has been denied by an institution has been produced before the Tribunal in proceedings relating to the legality of that denial, that document shall not be communicated to the other parties.

1.   The applicant shall be informed, as soon as the action has been brought, that the Tribunal's decisions are published on the internet. On a reasoned application or of its own motion, the Tribunal shall omit the name of the applicant and, if necessary, other information from the publications of the Tribunal, if there are legitimate reasons for that anonymity.

The first subparagraph shall apply to interveners who are natural persons.

2.   On a reasoned application by a party or of its own motion, the Tribunal may omit the names of other persons or entities mentioned in connection with the proceedings, or certain information concerning them, from documents issued by the Tribunal, if there are legitimate reasons for keeping the identity of those persons or entities or the information confidential.

1.   An application of the kind referred to in Article 21 of the Statute shall state:

2.   To the application there shall be annexed, where appropriate:

3.   For the purposes of the proceedings, the application shall state:

4.   If the application does not comply with the requirements referred to in paragraph 3, for the purposes of the proceedings service on the party concerned shall be effected, until the defect has been remedied, by registered letter addressed to that party's representative. By way of derogation from Article 36(1), service shall then be deemed to have been duly effected by the lodging of the registered letter at the post office of the place where the Tribunal has its seat.

5.   The applicant's lawyer must attach to the application the document referred to in Article 31(2).

6.   If the application does not comply with the requirements set out in the second and third subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), in Article 46 or in paragraph 1(a), (b) and (c), in paragraph 2 or in paragraph 5 of this Article, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the applicant is to put the application in order. If the applicant fails to put the application in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the application formally inadmissible.

1.   The application shall be served on the defendant. In the cases provided for by Article 50(6), service shall be effected as soon as the application has been put in order or, failing that, as soon as the Tribunal has declared it admissible.

2.   Notice shall be given in the Official Journal of the European Union of the date on which the application was lodged, the defendant, the subject-matter and description of the proceedings and the form of order sought by the applicant.

1.   Within two months after service of the application, the defendant shall lodge a defence stating:

2.   The provisions of Article 50(3) and (4) shall apply.

3.   The agent representing the defendant and the adviser or lawyer assisting him are required to lodge at the latest together with the defence the documents referred to in Article 31.

To the defence shall be annexed the texts not published in the Official Journal of the European Union and which form the legal context of the case, together with details of the dates on which they were adopted, on which they entered into force and, where applicable, on which they were repealed.

4.   If the defence does not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), in Article 46 or in paragraph 3 of this Article, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the defendant is to put the defence in order. If the defendant fails to put the defence in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the defence formally inadmissible.

5.   The time-limit laid down in paragraph 1 may, in exceptional circumstances, be extended by the President at the duly reasoned request of the defendant or of the President's own motion in the interests of the proper administration of justice.

1.   Pursuant to Article 7(3) of Annex I to the Statute, the Tribunal may decide, either of its own motion or on a reasoned application by the applicant, that a second exchange of pleadings is necessary to supplement the documents before the Tribunal.

2.   The Tribunal may restrict the second exchange of pleadings to questions of law or of fact which it shall specify.

3.   If the pleading does not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), in Article 46 or in paragraph 2 of this Article, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put the pleading in order. If the party concerned fails to put the pleading in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the pleading formally inadmissible.

1.   No new plea in law may be introduced after the first exchange of pleadings unless it is based on matters of law or of fact which come to light in the course of the procedure.

2.   If in the course of the procedure one of the parties puts forward a new plea in law, the President may, even after the expiry of the normal procedural time-limits, acting on a report of the Judge-Rapporteur, prescribe a time-limit within which the other party may respond to that plea.

3.   Consideration of the admissibility of new pleas in law shall be reserved for the final decision.

1.   When the written part of the procedure is closed, the President shall fix a date on which the Judge-Rapporteur is to present his preliminary report to the Tribunal.

2.   The preliminary report shall contain proposals as to whether measures of organisation of procedure or measures of inquiry should be undertaken, as to whether to dispense with a hearing, as to the possibility of an amicable settlement of the dispute and as to whether the case should be referred to the full court, to the Chamber of five Judges or to the Judge-Rapporteur sitting as a single Judge.

3.   The Tribunal shall decide what action to take on the proposals of the Judge-Rapporteur.

1.   Without prejudice to the special provisions of these Rules permitting the Tribunal to adjudicate by way of order, and subject to paragraph 2, the procedure before the Tribunal shall include a hearing.

2.   Where there has been a second exchange of pleadings and the Tribunal considers that it is unnecessary to hold a hearing, it may, with the agreement of the parties, decide to proceed to judgment without a hearing.

1.   The representatives of the parties who have been duly summoned to the hearing shall be required to inform the Tribunal in good time if they will be absent.

The absence, without excuse, of a party's representative who has been duly summoned shall not prevent the hearing from taking place.

2.   Where the representatives of all the parties have stated that they will not be present at the hearing, the Tribunal may decide that the oral part of the procedure is closed.

1.   The oral proceedings shall be opened and directed by the President, who shall be responsible for the proper conduct of the hearing.

2.   The oral proceedings in cases heard in camera in accordance with Article 31 of the Statute shall not be published.

3.   A party may address the Tribunal only through his agent or lawyer.

4.   The President and each of the Judges may in the course of the hearing:

1.   The President shall declare the oral part of the procedure closed at the end of the hearing.

2.   The Tribunal may order the reopening of the oral part of the procedure.

1.   Measures of organisation of procedure may be adopted or varied at any stage of the proceedings. They shall be prescribed if necessary of the Judge-Rapporteur's or the Tribunal's own motion.

2.   Measures of organisation of procedure shall be prescribed by the Judge-Rapporteur unless he refers the matter to the Tribunal on account of the scope of the measures envisaged or of their importance to the disposal of the case.

3.   Each party may propose the adoption or modification of measures of organisation of procedure.

4.   The Registrar shall be responsible for notifying measures of organisation of procedure to the parties.

5.   If the written observations submitted by the parties do not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), or in Article 46, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put the observations in order. If the party concerned fails to put the observations in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the observations formally inadmissible.

1.   The measures of inquiry necessary for disposing of the case may be adopted or varied at any stage of the proceedings. They shall be prescribed by the Tribunal, if necessary of its own motion.

2.   Each party may propose the adoption or modification of measures of inquiry by stating precisely their subject-matter and the reasons which justify their adoption or modification. The other parties shall be heard before those measures can be adopted.

3.   Where the procedural circumstances so require, the parties shall be requested to submit their observations on the measures envisaged by the Tribunal and referred to in Article 70(a), (b), (c) and (g).

4.   The decision concerning:

5.   Where the Tribunal decides to adopt a measure of inquiry but does not undertake such a measure itself, it shall entrust the task of so doing to the Judge-Rapporteur.

6.   The parties shall be entitled to attend the measures of inquiry.

7.   A party may submit evidence in rebuttal or amplify previous evidence at any stage of the proceedings.

1.   After the identity of the witness has been established, the President or the Judge-Rapporteur made responsible by the Tribunal for conducting the examination of the witness shall instruct the witness to tell the truth and shall draw his attention to the consequences provided for by his national law in the event of any breach of that obligation.

2.   Unless they are exempted, the parties having been heard, witnesses shall take the following oath before giving evidence:

3.   The witness shall give his evidence to the Tribunal or to the Judge-Rapporteur, the parties having been given notice to attend. After the witness has given his main evidence the Tribunal or the Judge-Rapporteur may, at the request of a party or of the Tribunal's or the Judge-Rapporteur's own motion, put questions to him.

Subject to the control of the President or of the Judge-Rapporteur, questions may be put to witnesses by the agents, advisers or lawyers of the parties.

4.   The Registrar shall draw up minutes in which the evidence of the witnesses is reproduced.

The minutes shall be signed by the President or by the Judge-Rapporteur, and by the Registrar. Before the minutes are thus signed, witnesses shall be given an opportunity to verify the content of the minutes and to sign them.

The minutes shall constitute an official record. They shall be served on the parties.

1.   Witnesses who have been duly summoned shall obey the summons and attend for examination.

2.   If, without good reason, a witness who has been duly summoned fails to appear before the Tribunal, the latter may impose upon him a pecuniary penalty not exceeding EUR 5 000 and may order that a further summons be served on the witness at his own expense.

3.   The same penalty may be imposed upon a witness who, without good reason, refuses to give evidence or to take the oath.

4.   If a witness proffers a valid excuse to the Tribunal that he was unable to submit beforehand, the pecuniary penalty imposed on him may be cancelled. The pecuniary penalty imposed may be reduced at the request of the witness where he establishes that it is disproportionate to his income.

1.   The order by which the Tribunal appoints the expert shall define his task and set a time-limit within which he is to submit his report.

2.   The expert shall receive a copy of the order, together with all the items of evidence necessary for carrying out his task. He shall be instructed to tell the truth and to carry out his task conscientiously and impartially and his attention shall be drawn to the consequences provided for by his national law in the event of any breach of those obligations.

3.   The expert shall be under the supervision of the Judge-Rapporteur, who may be present during his investigation and who shall be kept informed of his progress in carrying out his task.

4.   At the request of the expert, the Tribunal may order the examination of witnesses. Their examination shall be carried out in accordance with Article 73.

5.   The expert may give his opinion only on points which have been expressly referred to him.

6.   Unless he is exempted by the Tribunal, the parties having been heard, the expert shall take the following oath when submitting his report:

7.   After the expert has submitted his report and that report has been served on the parties, the Tribunal may order that the expert be examined, after giving the parties notice to attend.

8.   The President and each of the Judges may put questions to the expert. Subject to the control of the President, questions may be put to the expert by the representatives of the parties.

9.   The Registrar shall draw up minutes in which the evidence of the expert is reproduced. The minutes shall be signed by the President or by the Judge-Rapporteur responsible for conducting the examination of the expert, and by the Registrar. Before the minutes are thus signed, the expert shall be given an opportunity to verify the content of the minutes and to sign them. Those minutes shall constitute an official record. They shall be served on the parties.

1.   Pursuant to Article 30 of the Statute, the Tribunal may decide to report to the competent authority, referred to in the Rules supplementing the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice, of the Member State whose courts have criminal jurisdiction any case of perjury on the part of a witness or expert before the Tribunal.

2.   The Registrar shall be responsible for communicating the decision of the Tribunal. The decision shall set out the facts and circumstances on which the report is based.

1.   If one of the parties objects to a witness or to an expert on the ground that he is not a competent or proper person to act as witness or expert or for any other reason, or if a witness or expert refuses to give evidence or to take the oath, the Tribunal shall adjudicate by way of reasoned order.

2.   An objection to a witness or to an expert shall be raised within two weeks after service of the order summoning the witness or appointing the expert; the statement of objection must set out the grounds of objection and indicate the nature of any evidence offered.

1.   Where the Tribunal orders the examination of witnesses or an expert's report, it may request the parties or one of them to lodge with the cashier of the Tribunal security for the witnesses' costs or the costs of the expert's report. The Tribunal shall determine the amount.

2.   Witnesses and experts shall be entitled to reimbursement of their travel and subsistence expenses. The cashier of the Tribunal may make an advance payment towards these expenses.

3.   Witnesses shall be entitled to compensation for loss of earnings, and experts to fees for their services. The cashier of the Tribunal shall pay witnesses and experts these sums after they have carried out their respective duties or tasks.

1.   The Tribunal may, on application by a party or of its own motion, issue letters rogatory for the examination of witnesses or experts.

2.   Letters rogatory shall be issued in the form of an order which shall contain the name, forenames, professional capacity and address of the witness or expert, set out the facts on which the witness or expert is to be examined, name the parties, their agents, advisers or lawyers, indicate their addresses and briefly describe the subject-matter of the proceedings.

3.   The Registrar shall send the order to the competent authority, referred to in the Rules supplementing the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice, of the Member State in whose territory the witness or expert is to be examined. Where necessary, the order shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language or languages of the Member State to which it is addressed.

The authority named pursuant to the first subparagraph shall pass on the order to the judicial authority which is competent according to its national law.

The competent judicial authority shall give effect to the letters rogatory in accordance with its national law. After implementation the competent judicial authority shall transmit to the authority named pursuant to the first subparagraph the order embodying the letters rogatory, any documents arising from the implementation and a detailed statement of costs. These documents shall be sent to the Registrar.

4.   The Registrar shall be responsible for the translation of the documents into the language of the case.

5.   Where the Tribunal issues letters rogatory, it may request the parties or one of them to lodge with the cashier of the Tribunal security for the costs thereof. The Tribunal shall determine the amount.

1.   An application to suspend the operation of any measure adopted by an institution, made pursuant to Article 278 TFEU or Article 157 TEAEC, shall be admissible only if the applicant has challenged that measure in an action before the Tribunal.

An application for the adoption of one of the other interim measures referred to in Article 279 TFEU shall be admissible only if it is made by a party to a case before the Tribunal and relates to that case.

An application of a kind referred to in the first and second subparagraphs may be presented as soon as the complaint provided for in Article 90(2) of the Staff Regulations has been submitted, in the conditions laid down in Article 91(4) of those Regulations.

2.   An application of a kind referred to in paragraph 1 shall state the subject-matter of the proceedings, the circumstances giving rise to urgency and the pleas of fact and law establishing a prima facie case for the interim measure applied for.

The application shall be made by a separate document and in accordance with the provisions of Articles 45 and 50.

1.   The application shall be served on the opposite party, and the President of the Tribunal shall prescribe a short time-limit within which that party may submit written or oral observations.

2.   The President of the Tribunal shall decide the applications submitted pursuant to Article 115(1).

The President of the Tribunal may grant the application even before the observations of the opposite party have been submitted. This decision may subsequently be varied or cancelled, including of the President's own motion.

The President of the Tribunal shall, where appropriate, prescribe measures of organisation of procedure and measures of inquiry.

3.   The documents and observations submitted outside the procedure provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not be included in the file, unless the President of the Tribunal decides otherwise in the light of special circumstances.

1.   The decision on the application shall take the form of a reasoned order. The order shall be served on the parties forthwith.

2.   Enforcement of the order may be made conditional on the lodging by the applicant of security, of an amount and nature to be fixed in the light of the circumstances.

3.   Unless the order fixes the date on which the interim measure is to lapse, the measure shall lapse when the judgment which closes the proceedings is delivered.

4.   The order shall have only an interim effect, and shall be without prejudice to the decision of the Tribunal on the merits of the case.

1.   The provisions of this Section shall apply to applications to suspend the enforcement of a decision of a jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union or of any measure adopted by the Council, the European Commission or the European Central Bank, submitted pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU or Article 164 TEAEC.

2.   The order granting the application shall fix, where appropriate, a date on which the interim measure is to lapse.

1.   If a defendant on whom an application initiating proceedings has been duly served fails to respond to the application in the proper form and within the time-limit prescribed, the applicant may apply to the Tribunal for judgment by default.

The application for judgment by default shall be served on the defendant. The Tribunal may decide to open the oral part of the procedure on the application.

2.   Before giving judgment by default the Tribunal shall consider whether the application initiating proceedings is admissible, whether the appropriate formalities have been complied with, and whether the applicant's claims appear well founded. It may adopt measures of organisation of procedure or order measures of inquiry.

3.   A judgment by default shall be enforceable.

The Tribunal may, however, grant a stay of enforcement until it has given its decision on any application under Article 41 of the Statute to set aside the judgment, or it may make enforcement subject to the provision of security of an amount and nature to be fixed in the light of the circumstances; this security shall be released if no such application is made or if the application fails.

1.   The Tribunal may, by way of order, of its own motion or at the request of a party made within two weeks after the decision to be rectified has been served, rectify clerical mistakes, errors in calculation and obvious inaccuracies in it.

2.   Where the rectification concerns the operative part or one of the grounds constituting the necessary support for the operative part, the parties, duly informed, may submit written observations within a time-limit prescribed by the Tribunal.

3.   The original of the rectification order shall be annexed to the original of the rectified decision. A note of this order shall be made in the margin of the original of the rectified decision.

1.   If the Tribunal has failed to adjudicate on costs, any party wishing to rely on that may, within a month after service of the decision, apply to the Tribunal to supplement its decision.

2.   The application shall be served on the opposite party and the President shall prescribe a time-limit within which that party may submit written observations.

3.   After these observations have been submitted, the Tribunal shall decide both on the admissibility and on the merits of the application.

1.   Application may be made pursuant to Article 41 of the Statute to set aside a judgment by default.

2.   The application to set aside the judgment must be made within one month from the date of service of the judgment. It must be submitted in the form prescribed by Articles 45 and 50 of these Rules.

3.   The application to set aside the judgment shall be assigned to the formation of the court which gave the contested decision.

4.   After the application has been served, the President shall prescribe a time-limit within which the other party may submit his written observations.

5.   The proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with Articles 36 to 48, 56 to 85 and 90 to 114.

If the application to set aside the judgment does not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), or in Article 46, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put that application in order. If the party concerned fails to put the application in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the application to set aside formally inadmissible. The same rules shall apply to the written observations provided for in this Article.

6.   The Tribunal shall decide by way of a judgment which may not be set aside. The original of this judgment shall be annexed to the original of the judgment by default. A note of the judgment on the application to set aside shall be made in the margin of the original of the judgment by default.

1.   In accordance with Article 42 of the Statute, third-party proceedings may be brought against a decision rendered without the third party's having been heard, where the decision is prejudicial to his rights.

The application must be submitted within two months of publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union.

2.   Articles 45 and 50 of these Rules shall apply to an application initiating third-party proceedings. In addition such an application shall:

3.   The application initiating third-party proceedings must be made against all the parties to the original case. It shall be assigned to the formation of the court which delivered the contested decision.

After the application initiating third-party proceedings has been served, the President shall prescribe a time-limit within which the other parties may submit their written observations.

The proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with Articles 36 to 48, 56 to 85 and 90 to 114.

If the application initiating third-party proceedings does not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), or in Article 46, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put that application in order. If the party concerned fails to put the application in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the application initiating third-party proceedings formally inadmissible. The same rules shall apply to the written observations provided for in this Article.

4.   The contested decision shall be varied on the points on which the submissions of the third party are upheld.

The original of the judgment in the third-party proceedings shall be annexed to the original of the contested decision. A note of the judgment in the third-party proceedings shall be made in the margin of the original of the contested decision.

5.   Where an appeal before the General Court and an application initiating third-party proceedings before the Tribunal contest the same decision of the Tribunal, the Tribunal may, after hearing the parties, stay the proceedings.

6.   The Tribunal may, on application by the third party, order a stay of execution of the contested decision. The provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1, of this Title shall apply.

1.   In accordance with Article 43 of the Statute, if the meaning or scope of a decision is in doubt, the Tribunal shall construe it on application by any party or any institution establishing an interest therein.

An application for interpretation must be made within two years after the date of delivery of the judgment or service of the order.

2.   Articles 45 and 50 shall apply to an application for interpretation. In addition such an application shall:

The application for interpretation must be made against all the parties to the case in which the decision of which interpretation is sought was given. It shall be assigned to the formation of the court which gave the decision which is the subject of the application.

3.   The Tribunal shall give its decision by way of judgment after having given the parties an opportunity to submit their observations.

The original of the interpreting judgment shall be annexed to the original of the decision interpreted. A note of the interpreting judgment shall be made in the margin of the original of the decision interpreted.

4.   Where an appeal before the General Court and an application for interpretation before the Tribunal concern the same decision of the Tribunal, the Tribunal may, after hearing the parties, stay the proceedings.

1.   In accordance with Article 44 of the Statute, an application for revision of a decision of the Tribunal may be made only on discovery of a fact which is of such a nature as to be a decisive factor and which, before the decision was delivered or adopted, was unknown to the Tribunal and to the party claiming the revision.

Without prejudice to the time-limit of 10 years prescribed in the third paragraph of Article 44 of the Statute, an application for revision shall be made within three months of the date on which the facts on which the application is founded came to the applicant's knowledge.

2.   Articles 45 and 50 shall apply to an application for revision. In addition such an application shall:

The application for revision must be made against all the parties to the case in which the contested decision was given.

It shall be assigned to the formation of the court which gave the contested decision.

3.   Without prejudice to its decision on the merits, the Tribunal shall give its decision on the admissibility of the application in the form of an order, having regard to the parties' written observations.

4.   If the Tribunal declares the application admissible, the remainder of the procedure shall be oral, unless the Tribunal otherwise decides.

Where the Tribunal decides that pleadings are to be lodged, the proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with Articles 36 to 48, 56 to 85 and 90 to 114.

If the application for revision does not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), or in Article 46, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put that application in order. If the party concerned fails to put the application in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the application for revision formally inadmissible. The same rules shall apply to the written observations and the pleadings provided for in this Article.

5.   The Tribunal shall give its decision by way of judgment.

The original of the revising judgment shall be annexed to the original of the decision revised. A note of the revising judgment shall be made in the margin of the original of the decision revised.

6.   Where an appeal before the General Court and an application for revision before the Tribunal concern the same decision of the Tribunal, the Tribunal may, after hearing the parties, stay the proceedings.

1.   The President of the Tribunal shall assign the case either to the formation of the court which gave the decision which has been set aside or to another formation of the court and shall designate as Judge-Rapporteur a Judge other than the Judge who fulfilled that function in the case which gave rise to the appeal.

2.   Where the decision set aside was given by a single Judge, the President of the Tribunal shall assign the case to a Chamber of three Judges of which that Judge is not a member.

1.   Within two months from the service upon him of the judgment of the General Court the applicant may lodge written observations on the points of law which justified the setting aside of the judgment and the referral back.

2.   The applicant's written observations or a letter from the Tribunal informing the defendant that such observations have not been lodged within the time-limit prescribed shall be served on the defendant. In the month following such service, the defendant may lodge written observations. The time-limit allowed to the defendant for lodging those observations may in no case be less than two months from the service upon it of the judgment of the General Court.

3.   The written observations of the applicant and the defendant or a letter from the Tribunal indicating that one or both of the parties has failed to lodge written observations shall be served on the intervener at the same time. In the month following such service, the intervener may lodge written observations.

4.   By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 to 3, where the written part of the procedure before the Tribunal had not been completed when the judgment referring the case back to the Tribunal was delivered, it shall be resumed, at the stage which it had reached, by means of measures of organisation of procedure adopted by the Tribunal.

5.   The Tribunal may, if the circumstances so justify, allow supplementary written observations to be lodged.

6.   The proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with Articles 36 to 48, 56 to 85 and 90 to 114.

7.   If the written observations provided for in this Article do not comply with the requirements set out in the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 45(1), in the second subparagraph of Article 45(2), or in Article 46, the Registrar shall prescribe a time-limit within which the party concerned is to put the written observations in order. If the party concerned fails to put the written observations in order within the time-limit prescribed, the Tribunal shall decide whether the non-compliance with these conditions renders the written observations formally inadmissible.

8.   By way of derogation from paragraph 6, the Tribunal may, with the agreement of the parties, decide to rule on the case without a hearing.