24.7.2012   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 219/28

(1)

On 26 March 2010, the European Council agreed to the Commission’s proposal to launch a new strategy for jobs and growth, Europe 2020, based on enhanced coordination of economic policies, which focuses on the key areas where action is needed to boost Europe’s potential for sustainable growth and competitiveness.

(2)

On 13 July 2010, the Council adopted a recommendation on the broad guidelines for the economic policies of the Member States and the Union (2010 to 2014) and, on 21 October 2010, adopted a decision on guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States (3), which together form the ‘integrated guidelines’. Member States were invited to take the integrated guidelines into account in their national economic and employment policies.

(3)

On 12 July 2011, the Council adopted a recommendation (4) on Finland’s National Reform Programme for 2011 and delivered its opinion on Finland’s updated Stability Programme for 2011-2014.

(4)

On 23 November 2011, the Commission adopted the second Annual Growth Survey, marking the start of the second European Semester of ex ante and integrated policy coordination, which is anchored in the Europe 2020 strategy. On 14 February 2012, the Commission, on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, adopted the Alert Mechanism Report, in which it identified Finland as one of the Member States for which an in-depth review would be carried out.

(5)

On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted conclusions calling on the Social Protection Committee, in cooperation with the Employment and other Committees, to present its views on actions recommended within the Europe 2020 policy cycle. These views form part of the opinion of the Employment Committee.

(6)

The European Parliament has been duly involved in the European Semester, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, and, on 15 February 2012, adopted a resolution on employment and social aspects in the Annual Growth Survey 2012 and a resolution on the contribution to the Annual Growth Survey 2012.

(7)

On 2 March 2012, the European Council endorsed the priorities for ensuring financial stability, fiscal consolidation and action to foster growth. It underscored the need to pursue differentiated, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, to restore normal lending conditions to the economy, to promote growth and competitiveness, to tackle unemployment and the social consequences of the crisis, and to modernise public administration.

(8)

On 2 March 2012, the European Council also invited the Member States participating in the Euro Plus Pact to present their commitments in time to be included in their Stability or Convergence Programmes and in their National Reform Programmes.

(9)

On 19 April 2012, Finland submitted its Stability Programme covering the period 2012-2015 and its 2012 National Reform Programme. In order to take account of their interlinkages, the two Programmes have been assessed at the same time. The Commission has also assessed, in an in-depth review under Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, whether Finland is affected by macroeconomic imbalances. The Commission concluded in its in-depth review that Finland is experiencing an imbalance, although not an excessive one.

(10)

Based on the assessment of the Stability Programme pursuant to Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, the Council is of the opinion that the macroeconomic scenario underpinning the budgetary projections in that Programme is plausible for the 2012-2013 period, GDP growth expected in that Programme is in line with the Commission services 2012 spring forecast. Projections are also realistic for the years 2014 and 2015 as they foresee GDP growth to be substantially lower than encountered before the crisis and lower than in the recovery years 2010-2011.

The main budgetary goal of the Stability Programme is to reduce the central government deficit by limiting expenditures and increasing revenues. As the central government budget is the main source of the general government deficit, improving its position will contribute to the balancing of the general government budget. The medium-term budgetary objective (MTO) of a surplus of 0,5 % of GDP in structural terms reflects adequately the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact. Based on the (recalculated) structural budget balance (5), Finland has met the MTO in 2011 but would marginally deviate from it over 2012-2015. The rate of growth of government expenditure, taking into account discretionary revenue measures, complies with the expenditure benchmark of the Stability and Growth Pact in all years except 2015. The Stability Programme aims at balancing the general government budget by 2015 and reaching surpluses as from 2016. The debt ratio is well below 60 % of GDP and according to the Stability Programme, the debt level will peak in 2014 at close to 52 % of GDP and then start to decline. A notable sustainability gap still exists in Finland’s public finances, mainly stemming from a rapidly deteriorating dependency ratio caused by an ageing population. The sustainability gap in public finances needs to be continuously monitored and measures adjusted accordingly. Finland’s fiscal framework is anchored to multi-annual expenditure ceilings, but these do not currently apply for the municipal sector.

(11)

The productivity of public services has been in decline over the past decade. The Finnish authorities have already implemented several reforms to address the issue, but their implementation has been slow, especially at the local government level. In addition, a nation-wide municipal reform and a central government productivity programme are underway. Further productivity gains and cost savings could be achieved by encouraging more competition in shielded private and public service sectors, through further product and labour market deregulation.

(12)

Over the past year, the Government has introduced new measures to reduce youth and long-term unemployment. These measures have included a pilot programme to reduce long-term unemployment and introduction of a social guarantee for young people. The measures introduced are ambitious and relevant, but now need to be implemented with a clear focus on improving the skill levels and labour market position of the target groups. In view of demographic changes, raising the employment rate of older workers is important to ensure sustainable public finances and meet the demand for labour in the future. The increase in life expectancy has been more rapid than envisaged during the 2005 pension reform, and therefore over time the current statutory retirement age range could turn out to be too low. In its Stability Programme, the Government committed itself to increase the effective retirement age to 62,4 years by 2025. In March 2012, the social partners agreed to several measures to lengthen working careers. The Government has committed itself to carry out a pension reform no later than 1 January 2017. The focus now needs to be on implementing the agreed line of action in the short term.

(13)

Regulatory barriers in the services sector in Finland are still restrictive and market concentration is high not only in retail trade, but also in areas of production. In the grocery retail market, Finland has the highest degree of market concentration while food prices are among the highest in Europe. Competition law fines in Finland have traditionally been low, raising issues regarding their deterrent effect. There have been some policy developments on competition, such as the new Competition Act and a new law on land use planning and construction. The Government is also committed to launching a new programme on promoting competition. This should be brought forward without delay with a view to further strengthening the competition framework in product and service markets.

(14)

Productivity growth in Finland is stagnating and Finnish exporting firms’ market share in foreign markets has decreased over recent years. Unit labour costs have increased, although not in the manufacturing sector. Growth in some currently dominant industries, especially electronics and paper, appear to have peaked and, in general, the share of manufacturing in GDP is declining. Finland is exporting intermediate and investment goods mainly to mature, slowly-growing economies and its products have limited presence in developing economies. The Finnish economy needs to become more diversified both in terms of companies as in terms of export markets in order to develop multiple strong exporters in the future. Notwithstanding the past strong Finnish research and development (R&D) and innovation performance, without a significant increase in the number of innovative high-growth firms, Finland’s ranking as an EU innovation leader risks declining. This requires facilitating innovation, enabling the transformation from R&D into marketable products, and encouraging the penetration of fast growing export markets. In the short term, it will also be crucial to exploit and disseminate the extensive information and communication technology (ICT) know-how also in other industries in Finland, including the public sector. Regarding wage growth, the tripartite wage agreement of 2011 paves the way for modest wage increases in 2012 and 2013, which should improve Finland’s relative position vis-à-vis its main trading partners.

(15)

Finland has made a number of commitments under the Euro Plus Pact. These commitments, and the implementation of the commitments presented in 2011, relate to improving competitiveness, the employment rate and the sustainability of public finances, strengthening financial stability and ensuring tax coordination. The Commission has assessed the implementation of the Euro Plus Pact commitments. The results of this assessment have been taken into account in the recommendations below.

(16)

In the context of the European Semester, the Commission has carried out a comprehensive analysis of Finland’s economic policy. It has assessed the Stability Programme and the National Reform Programme, and presented an in-depth review. It has taken into account not only their relevance for sustainable fiscal and socioeconomic policy in Finland but also their compliance with EU rules and guidance, given the need to reinforce the overall economic governance of the Union by providing EU-level input into future national decisions. Its recommendations under the European Semester are reflected in recommendations (1) to (5) below.

(17)

In the light of this assessment, the Council has examined the Stability Programme, and its opinion (6) is reflected in particular in recommendation (1) below.

(18)

In the light of the results of the Commission’s in-depth review and this assessment, the Council has examined the National Reform Programme and the Stability Programme. Its recommendations under Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 are reflected in particular in recommendation (5) below,

1.

Preserve a sound fiscal position in 2012 and beyond by correcting any departure from the MTO that ensures the long-term sustainability of public finances. To this end, reinforce and rigorously implement the budgetary strategy, supported by sufficiently specified measures, for the year 2013 and beyond, including meeting the expenditure benchmark. Continue to carry out annual assessments of the size of the ageing-related sustainability gap and adjust public revenue and expenditure in accordance with the long-term objectives and needs. Integrate the local government sector better in the system of multi-annual fiscal framework including through measures to control expenditure.

2.

Take further measures to achieve productivity gains and cost savings in public service provision, including structural changes and efficiency-enhancing territorial administrative reforms, also in order to respond to the challenges arising from an ageing population.

3.

Implement the ongoing measures to improve the labour market position of young people and the long-term unemployed, with a particular focus on skills development. Take further steps to improve the employment rate of older workers, including by reducing early exit pathways. Take measures to increase the effective retirement age taking into account the improved life expectancy.

4.

Continue enhancing competition in product and service markets, especially in the retail sector, by ensuring the effective implementation of the new Competition Act and the new programme on promoting healthy competition. Continue to take measures to increase the efficiency of municipal service provision, including increasing, where appropriate, the share of services subject to competitive bidding, and to ensure competition neutrality between private and public undertakings. Take further steps to ensure that competition law fines have a sufficiently deterrent effect.

5.

In order to strengthen productivity growth and external competitiveness, continue efforts to diversify the business structure, in particular by hastening the introduction of planned measures to broaden the innovation base while continuing to align wage and productivity developments fully respecting the role of social partners and in line with national practices.