1.6.2013   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 156/18

1.

Is it contrary to the principle of equivalence if, in implementing Directive 1999/70/EC, (1) national legislation makes provision, for cases where an employment contract is unlawfully suspended by operation of a clause which sets an expiry date, for economic consequences which are different from and considerably less favourable than the economic consequences which are to ensue in cases where an ordinary civil law contract is suspended by operation of a clause which sets an expiry date?

2.

Is it compatible with the law of the European Union that the effectiveness, within the scope of its application, of a penalty benefits the employer who has acted wrongfully, to the detriment of the employee who has been wronged, in such a way that the temporal duration and the physical demands of the procedure directly damage the employee to the advantage of the employer, and the efficacy in remedial terms is inversely proportional to the length of the process, so far as almost to be cancelled out?

3.

Within the scope of European Union law under Article 51 of the Charter [of Fundamental Rights], is it compatible with Article 47 of [that] Charter … and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights for the temporal duration and the physical demands of the procedure directly to damage the employee to the advantage of the employer and for the efficacy in remedial terms to be inversely proportional to the length of the procedure, so far as almost to be cancelled out?

4.

In the light of the explanations given in Article 3(1)(c) of Directive 2000/78/EC (2) and Article 14(1)(c) of Directive 2006/54/EC, (3) does the notion of ‘employment conditions’ referred to in Clause 4 of Directive 1999/70/EC also cover the consequences ensuing from the unlawful interruption of an employment relationship?

5.

In the event that [Question 4] is answered in the affirmative, is the difference between the consequences normally provided for under national law in relation to the unlawful interruption of a permanent employment relationship, on the one hand, and the consequences in the case of a fixed-term employment relationship, on the other, justifiable under Clause 4 [of Directive 1999/70/EC]?

6.

On a proper construction of the general Community law principles of legal certainty, protection of legitimate expectations, equality of arms in proceedings, effective judicial protection, and the right to an independent and impartial tribunal and, more generally, to a fair hearing, guaranteed by Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union (as amended by Article 1(8) of the Treaty of Lisbon and to which Article 46 of the Treaty on European Union refers), read in conjunction with Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, signed at Rome on 4 November 1950, and with Articles 46, 47 and 52(3) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, proclaimed at Nice on 7 December 2000, as implemented by the Treaty of Lisbon, do those principles preclude the adoption by the Italian State, after a significant period of time, of a provision (such as Article 32(7) of Law No 83/10 as interpreted by Article 1(13) of Law No 92/12) which alters the consequences of ongoing proceedings directly to the detriment of the employee and to the advantage of the employer, the result being that the efficacy in remedial terms is inversely proportional to the length of the process, so far as almost to be cancelled out?

7.

In the event that the Court of Justice does not recognise the above principles as having the authority of fundamental principles of the European Union for the purposes of their horizontal application erga omnes, with the effect that a provision such as Article 32(5) to (7) of Law No 183/10 (as interpreted by Article 1(13) of Law No 92/12) is incompatible only with the obligations under Directive 1999/70/EC and the Charter [of Fundamental Rights], must a company such as the defendant company be regarded as a public body for the purposes of the direct, ‘ascending’ vertical application of European Union law and, in particular, of Clause 4 of Directive 1999/70/EC, and the Charter?

8.

In the event that the Court of Justice … answers Questions 1, 2, 3 or 4 in the affirmative, does the duty to cooperate in good faith — a fundamental principle of the European Union — make it possible for an interpretative provision, such as Article 1(13) of Law No 92/12, which makes it impossible to observe the principles confirmed by the answers to Questions 1 to 4, not to be applied?