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'Life metabolism' is a fully open access, peer-reviewed journal that aims to publish works of high significance and broad interest in all areas of metabolism.

• The Sampling and Sample Preparation Problem in Microbial Metabolomics / Walter M van Gulik, André B Canelas, Reza M Seifar, Joseph J Heijnen
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated with HPLC and UHPLC for Targeted Metabolomics / Gérard Hopfgartner, Emmanuel Varesio
• Uncertainty of Measurement in Quantitative Metabolomics / Raffaele Guerrasio, Christina Haberhauer-Troyer, Stefan Neubauer, Kristaps Klavins, Madeleine Werneth, Gunda Koellensperger, Stephen Hann
• Gas Chromatography and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry for Targeted and Nontargeted Metabolomics / Song Yang, Jamin C Hoggard, Mary E Lidstrom, Robert E Synovec
• LC-MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics / Georgios A Theodoridis, Helen G Gika, Ian D Wilson
• The Potential of Ultrahigh Resolution MS (FTICR-MS) in Metabolomics / Franco Moritz, Sara Forcisi, Mourad Harir, Basem Kanawati, Marianna Lucio, Dimitrios Tziotis, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
• The Art and Practice of Lipidomics / Koen Sandra, Ruben t'kindt, Lucie Jorge, Pat Sandra
• The Role of CE-MS in Metabolomics / Rawi Ramautar, Govert W Somsen, Gerhardus J de Jong
• NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis / Andrea Lubbe, Kashif Ali, Robert Verpoorte, Young Hae Choi
• Potential of Microfluidics and Single Cell Analysis in Metabolomics (Micrometabolomics) / Meghan M Mensack, Ryan E Holcomb, Charles S Henry
• Data Processing in Metabolomics / Age K Smilde, Margriet M W B Hendriks, Johan A Westerhuis, Huub C J Hoefsloot
• Metabolic Flux Analysis / Christoph Wittmann, Jean-Charles Portais
• Metabolomics: Application in Plant Sciences / Gaetan Glauser, Julien Boccard, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Serge Rudaz
• Metabolomics and Its Role in the Study of Mammalian Systems / Warwick B Dunn, Mamas Mamas, Alexander Heazell
• Metabolomics in Biotechnology (Microbial Metabolomics) / Marco Oldiges, Stephan Noack, Nicole Paczia
• Nutritional Metabolomics / Hannelore Daniel.

• List of Contributors XV Preface XXIII 1 The Sampling and Sample Preparation Problem in Microbial Metabolomics 1 Walter M. van Gulik, Andre B. Canelas, Reza M. Seifar, and Joseph J. Heijnen 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Microorganisms and Their Properties 1 1.3 Sampling Methods 2 1.4 Quenching 4 1.5 Metabolite Extraction 9 1.6 Application of 13C-Labeled Internal Standards 13 1.7 Conclusions 17 References 18 2 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated with HPLC and UHPLC for Targeted Metabolomics 21 Gerard Hopfgartner and Emmanuel Varesio 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 LC-MS-Based Targeted Metabolomics 22 2.3 Liquid Chromatography 22 2.4 Mass Spectrometry 27 2.5 Sample Preparation 30 2.6 Relative and Absolute Quantification 31 2.7 Applications 32 2.8 Synopsis 34 References 35 3 Uncertainty of Measurement in Quantitative Metabolomics 39 Raffaele Guerrasio, Christina Haberhauer-Troyer, Stefan Neubauer, Kristaps Klavins, Madeleine Werneth, Gunda Koellensperger, and Stephen Hann 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Uncertainties of Quantitative MS Experiments 48 3.3 Concluding Remarks 66 Abbreviations 66 Acknowledgment 67 References 67 4 Gas Chromatography and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry for Targeted and Nontargeted Metabolomics 69 Song Yang, Jamin C. Hoggard, Mary E. Lidstrom, and Robert E. Synovec 4.1 Introduction and Scope 69 4.2 Sample Preparation for GC-Based Metabolite Profiling 71 4.3 GC--MS and GC ×-- GC--TOFMS Instrumentation for Metabolomics 74 4.4 Data Analysis Strategies and Software 82 4.5 Illustrative Examples and Concluding Remarks 88 References 89 5 LC-MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics 93 Georgios A. Theodoridis, Helen G. Gika, and Ian D. Wilson 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 LC-MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics 94 5.3 Study Design 98 5.4 Sample Preparation 100 5.5 Analytical Strategies 103 5.6 Data Analysis 104 5.7 Metabolite Identification 107 5.8 Applications 109 5.9 Synopsis 112 References 113 6 The Potential of Ultrahigh Resolution MS (FTICR-MS) in Metabolomics 117 Franco Moritz, Sara Forcisi, Mourad Harir, Basem Kanawati, Marianna Lucio, Dimitrios Tziotis, and Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 Metabolomics Technologies 118 6.3 Principles of FTICR-MS 121 6.4 Proceeding in Metabolomics 126 6.5 Application Example in Metabolomics Using FTICR-MS Exhaled Breath Condensate 128 6.6 Conclusion and Remarks 134 References 134 7 The Art and Practice of Lipidomics 137 Koen Sandra, Ruben t'Kindt, Lucie Jorge, and Pat Sandra Abbreviations 137 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Lipid Diversity 140 7.3 Tackling the Lipidome: State-of-the-Art 141 7.4 LC-MS-Based Lipidomics 146 7.5 GC-MS-Based Lipidomics 165 7.6 Conclusion 172 References 173 8 The Role of CE--MS in Metabolomics 177 Rawi Ramautar, Govert W. Somsen, and Gerhardus J. de Jong Abbreviations 177 8.1 Introduction 177 8.2 CE--MS 179 8.3 Sample Pretreatment 185 8.4 Data Analysis 187 8.5 Applications 190 8.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 203 References 206 9 NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis 209 Andrea Lubbe, Kashif Ali, Robert Verpoorte, and Young Hae Choi 9.1 Introduction 209 9.2 Platforms for Metabolomics 210 9.3 NMR for Metabolomics 219 9.4 Applications of NMR-Based Metabolomics 228 9.5 Future Prospects and Conclusions 233 References 234 10 Potential of Microfluidics and Single Cell Analysis in Metabolomics (Micrometabolomics) 239 Meghan M. Mensack, Ryan E. Holcomb, and Charles S. Henry 10.1 Introduction 239 10.2 Sample Processing for Metabolomics 240 10.3 Microfluidic Separations for Metabolic Analysis 243 10.4 Microfluidics for Cellular Analysis 247 10.5 A Look Forward 254 References 256 11 Data Processing in Metabolomics 261 Age K. Smilde, Margriet M.W.B. Hendriks, Johan A. Westerhuis, and Huub C.J. Hoefsloot 11.1 Introduction and Scope 261 11.2 Characteristics of Metabolomics Data 261 11.3 Types of Biological Questions Asked 264 11.4 Validation 265 11.5 Overview of Methods 272 References 283 12 Metabolic Flux Analysis 285 Christoph Wittmann and Jean-Charles Portais 12.1 Introduction 285 12.2 Prerequisites for Flux Studies 287 12.3 Stoichiometric Flux Analysis 290 12.4 Labeling Studies Using Isotopes 292 12.5 State-of-Art 13C Flux Analysis 296 12.6 Application of Metabolic Flux Analysis 303 12.7 Recent Advances in the Field 307 12.8 Concluding Remarks 308 Acknowledgments 308 References 308 13 Metabolomics: Application in Plant Sciences 313 Gaetan Glauser, Julien Boccard, Jean-Luc Wolfender, and Serge Rudaz 13.1 Introduction 313 13.2 Sample Preparation 314 13.3 Analytical Methods 316 13.4 Metabolite Identification 330 13.5 Structural Elucidation of Novel Metabolites and Validation of Model 334 13.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 336 Acknowledgments 337 References 337 14 Metabolomics and Its Role in the Study of Mammalian Systems 345 Warwick B. Dunn, Mamas Mamas, and Alexander Heazell 14.1 Introduction
• From Early Beginnings 345 14.2 Hypothesis Generation or Hypothesis-Testing Studies 347 14.3 Untargeted, Semi-Targeted, and Targeted Analytical Experiments 348 14.4 Study and Experimental Design 350 14.5 Sample Types 355 14.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 360 14.7 Metabolite Annotation and Identification 365 14.8 Applications 369 Acknowledgments 373 References 373 15 Metabolomics in Biotechnology (Microbial Metabolomics) 379 Marco Oldiges, Stephan Noack, and Nicole Paczia 15.1 Introduction 379 15.2 Analytical Methods Applied for Microbial Metabolomics 382 15.3 Custom-Made Separation for Microbial Metabolomics 384 15.4 Microbial Metabolomics with Higher Throughput 385 15.5 Application of Microbial Metabolomics 386 15.6 Conclusion 388 References 388 16 Nutritional Metabolomics 393 Hannelore Daniel 16.1 Introduction 393 16.2 The Metabolome of Human Plasma and Urine: General Considerations 393 16.3 The Food Metabolome and Its Signature in Human Samples 396 16.4 The Variability of the Human Metabolome in Health and Disease States 398 16.5 The Dynamic Nature of the Metabolome 400 16.6 The Future of Nutritional Metabolomics and Research Needs 402 References 403 Index 407.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Unlike other handbooks in this emerging field, this guide focuses on the challenges and critical parameters in running a metabolomics study, including such often-neglected issues as sample preparation, choice of separation and detection method, recording and evaluating data as well as method validation. By systematically covering the entire workflow, from sample preparation to data processing, the insight and advice offered here helps to clear the hurdles in setting up and running a successful analysis, resulting in high-quality data from every experiment. Based on more than a decade of practical experience in developing, optimizing and validating metabolomics approaches as a routine technology in the academic and industrial research laboratory, the lessons taught here are highly relevant for all systems-level approaches, whether in systems biology, biotechnology, toxicology or pharmaceutical sciences.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Overview of Metabolomics - Oscar Yanes, Reza Salek, Igor Marin, Marta Cascante
• Study Design and Preparation - Pietro Franceschi, Oscar Yanes and Ron Wehrens
• Measurement Technologies - Oscar Yanes, Katherine Hollywood, Roland Mumm, Maria Vinaixa, Naomi Rankin, Ron Wehrens and Reza Salek
• Mass Spectrometry Data Processing - Steffen Neumann, Oscar Yanes, Roland Mumm, Pietro Franceschi
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data Processing - Maria Vinaixa, Naomi Rankin, Jeremy Everett and Reza Salek
• Statistics: the essentials - Ron Wehrens and Pietro Franceschi
• Data fusion in metabolomics - Johan A. Westerhuis, Frans van der Kloet, Age K. Smilde
• Genome-scale metabolic networks - Clement Frainay & Fabien Jourdan
• Metabolic flux - Igor Marin de Mas and Marta Cascante
• Data Sharing and Standards
• Conclusion
• Appendix: Metabolic and transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana wildtype and mutants to Phytophthora infestans - Tilo Lubken, Michaela Kopischke, Kathrin Geissler, Lore Westphal, Dierk Scheel, Steffen Neumann, Sabine Rosahl.
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Metabolomics is the scientific study of the chemical processes in a living system, environment and nutrition. It is a relatively new omics science, but the potential applications are wide, including medicine, personalized medicine and intervention studies, food and nutrition, plants, agriculture and environmental science. The topics presented and discussed in this book are based on the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) practical courses in metabolomics bioinformatics taught to those working in the field, from masters to postgraduate students, PhDs, postdoctoral and early PIs. The book covers the basics and fundamentals of data acquisition and analytical technologies, but the primary focus is data handling and data analysis. The mentioning and usage of a particular data analysis tool has been avoided; rather, the focus is on the concepts and principles of data processing and analysis. The material has been class-tested and includes lots of examples, computing and exercises. Key Features: Provides an overview of qualitative /quantitative methods in metabolomics Offers an introduction to the key concepts of metabolomics, including experimental design and technology Covers data handling, processing, analysis, data standards and sharing Contains lots of examples to illustrate the topics Includes contributions from some of the leading researchers in the field of metabolomics with extensive teaching experiences.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Diversity of the heme-copper superfamily in Archaea: insights from genomics and structural modeling / James Hemp, Robert B. Gennis
• Structure of Photosystems I and II / Petra Fromme, Ingo Grotjohann
• Microbial rhodopsins: scaffolds for ion pumps, channels, and sensors / Johann P. Klare, Igor Chizhov, Martin Engelhard
• Life close to the thermodynamic limit: how methanogenic Archaea conserve energy / Uwe Deppenmeier, Volker Müller
• ATP synthesis by decarboxylation phosphorylation / Peter Dimroth, Christoph von Ballmoos
• The three families of respiratory NADH dehydrogenases / Stefan Kerscher ... [et al.]
• Hydrogenases and H+-reduction in primary energy conservation / Paulette M. Vignais
• A structural perspective on mechanism and function of the cytochrome bc1 complex / Carola Hunte ... [et al.]
• Regulatory mechanisms of proton-translocating FoF1-ATP synthase / Boris A Feniouk, Masasuke Yoshida.

• Genetic Aspects of Mycotoxin Formation
• Streptomyces Have Multiple Forms of RNA Polymerase Which Differ in Their Transcription Specificities and Their Sigma Subunits
• Gene Cloning to Analyse the Organization and Expression of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Genes in Streptomyces
• Vectors for Eucaryotic Cloning Based on Organellar DNA
• Enzymes Involved in b-Lactam Biosynthesis Controlled by Carbon and Nitrogen Regulation
• Control of Cephamycin Formation in 'Streptomyces clavuligerus' by Nitrogenous Compounds
• Implication of Lysine Metabolism on Regulation of Cephamycin C Biosynthesis in 'Streptomyces clavuligerus'
• Genetics of 'Penicillium chrysogenum' and Biosynthesis of b-Lactam Antibiotics
• Enzymes Involved in Penicillin and Cephalosporin Formation
• The Integration of Cyclopenin-Cyclopenol Biosynthesis into the Developmental Program of 'Penicillium cyclopium'
• Ergot Peptide Alkaloid Synthesis in 'Claviceps purpurea'
• Enzyme Systems Synthesizing Peptide Antibiotics
• Genetic and Physiological Control of Chloramphenicol Production
• Factors Governing Polyketide and Glycopeptide Productions by Streptomycetes
• Regulation of Tetracycline Biosynthesis
• Enzymes of Secondary Metabolism: Regulation of Their Expression and Activity
• Biosynthesis of Polyketide Antibiotics
• Biosynthesis of Tylosin and its Regulation by Ammonium and Phosphate
• Productivity of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics with Reference to Antibiotic Resistance of the Producer
• Induction and Regulation of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean
• Current Research on Secondary Metabolism_A General Discussion
• Closing Remarks: Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Formation: Progress and Challenges.
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Twenty papers by internationally recognized experts summarize the present state of research in the hope of encouraging future scientific contact and co-operation. The contributors present the multivarious aspects of secondary metabolism (regulatory levels, functions for the producer, genetics, and enzymology of enzymes involved in biosynthesis) and current experimental approaches (exploitation of production by feeding procedures, mutational techniques, protoplast fusion, recombinant techniques, screening procedures, and cell-free and isolated enzyme studies).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Humans and Their Nutrition Objectives The Human Organism Nature of Food and Its Relation to Humans Digestion and Absorption The Macronutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Water The Micronutrients Vitamins Minerals Energy Metabolism and Body Composition Energy Metabolism Body Composition Obesity Nutrition Applications Exercise and Sport Nutrition Nutrition Supplements and Neutraceuticals Nutrition Throughout Human Life Nutrition and Prominent Disease Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases Nutrition and Cancers Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus Nutrition and Osteoporosis Nutrition and the Future Nutrition Research Nutrition in the 21st Century.
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This text begins with an in-depth overview into the human organism at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels, and develops into a discussion of the objectives and features of organ systems of the evolved human. The book also covers the relationship between the human body and the environment in which it exists including other organisms that co-habitate the environment. Discussions of the nature of other organisms such as various animals, plants, and micro-organisms makes later information about food science, nutrient density in various food sources, and nutraceuticals easier to comprehend."Advanced Human Nutrition" examines human nutrient requirements, the basis for RDA and other recommendations; human nutrition, digestion, and absorption with relation to organs, exocrine and endocrine functions, histology, and absorptive activities; macronutrients and micronutrients; eicosanoid chemistry and function; and, more. The present and future of nutrition research is examined, including everything from the HANES studies to electron microscopy and molecular biology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• 1. What is metabolism?
• 2. Metabolic fuels
• 3. Metabolic pathways
• 4. Communication systems in human metabolism
• 5. ATP, the common currency of metabolic energy
• 6. Metabolism in daily life
• 7. Metabolism is so adaptable
• 8. Metabolic interactions between nutrients
• 9. Metabolic disorders
• Concluding remarks
• Summary of common misunderstandings
• Index.
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Does eating more carbohydrates, or fats, cause one to put on more weight? Are ketone bodies toxins or vital products that keep us alive during starvation? Does the concept of 'fat-burning exercise' hold true? In this game-changing book, Keith Frayn, an international expert in human metabolism and nutrition, dispels common misconceptions about human metabolism, explaining in everyday language the important metabolic processes that underlie all aspects of our daily lives. Illustrated throughout with clear diagrams of metabolic processes, Frayn describes the communication systems that enable our different organs and tissues to cooperate, for instance in providing fuel to our muscles when we exercise, and in preserving our tissues during fasting. He explores the impressive adaptability of human metabolism and discusses the metabolic disorders that can arise when metabolism 'goes wrong'. For anyone sceptical of information about diet and lifestyle, this concise book guides the reader through what metabolism really involves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Energy Definition How Is Energy Measured? Energy Intake Energy Need Energy Equation Energy Terminology Energy Retained Energetic Efficiency Utilizable Energy Thermogenesis Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Negative Energy Balance Set-Point Theory in Body Weight Regulation Abnormal Energy States Recovery from Malnutrition and Starvation Trauma and Energy Needs Voluntary Starvation: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Abnormal Appetite: Pica Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Positive Energy Balance Obesity Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Regulation of Food Intake Psychological Aspects of Food Intake Physiological Aspects of Food Intake Neuronal Signals for Hunger and Satiety Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Exercise Definitions Minimum Physical Activity Recommendations Exercise and Nutrient Needs Elite Athletes Aging and Exercise Summary Learning Opportunities References Cell Cycle, Life Cycle Cell Structure and Function Receptors Signal Systems Cell Differentiation Apoptosis Life Cycle Growth and Development Conception to Birth Birth to Childhood Childhood and Adolescence Maturity Aging (Senescence) Summary Learning Opportunities Self-Study Your Nutritional Status Multiple-Choice Questions References Nutrigenomics Genes Gene Expression Transcription Translation Genetic Diseases of Interest to Nutrition Summary Learning Opportunities Problem Solving Multiple-Choice Questions References Protein Amino Acids Protein Structure Protein Denaturation Classification of Proteins Protein Analysis Biological Value of Dietary Protein Protein Use Functions of Proteins Protein Turnover Protein Degradation Protein Intake Recommendations Protein and Amino Acid Interactions with Other Nutrients Vegetarian Diets Renal Disease Integration of the Metabolic Features of Protein Nutrition Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Carbohydrates Classification Structure and Nomenclature Digestion and Absorption Metabolism Abnormalities in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis: Diabetes Mellitus Mutations Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Other Health Concerns in Carbohydrate Nutrition Carbohydrate Needs Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Lipids Classification Structure and Nomenclature Sources of Lipids Digestion and Absorption Transport Endogenous Lipid Transport Genetic Basis for Lipoproteinemia Defects in Exogenous Fat Transport Diet Effects on Serum Lipids Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Lipid Transport Function Fatty Acid Auto-Oxidation Fatty Acid Auto-Oxidation and the Inflammation Cascade Cancer and Dietary Fat Other Diseases Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Summary Learning Opportunities Analysis and Problem Solving Multiple-Choice Questions References Water-Soluble Vitamins Ascorbic Acid Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin, or Nicotinic Acid Pyridoxine Pantothenic Acid Biotin Folic Acid Vitamin B Carnitine Choline Inositol Other Compounds That May or May Not Be Vitamins Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Macrominerals Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Trace Minerals Essential Microminerals Trace Mineral Toxicity Antagonisms and Interactions among Trace Minerals Iron Zinc Copper Selenium Iodine (Iodide) Molybdenum Manganese Cobalt Other Minerals Summary Learning Opportunities Multiple-Choice Questions References Appendix A Glossary Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Expanded and updated, the new edition of Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism continues in the tradition of its predecessor, serving as an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate students studying human nutrition. The book incorporates fundamental concepts in nutrition science-while also acknowledging the contributions made by other sciences such as biochemistry, genetics, and physiology-in order to help us understand why specific nutrients are required. It provides comprehensive coverage of both macro and micronutrients, emphasizing each nutrient's description, absorption, use, and excretion. Highlights of the Second Edition include * Chapters addressing exercise, obesity, starvation, and trauma * Updates with respect to nutrigenomics and nutrient-gene interactions within specific topics * Expansion of the aging effects with regard to life cycle and nutrient-specific chapters * Nutrition requirement comparisons among different species and animal models for human diseases * The chemistry and physiology of each essential nutrient and its integration in the body * Chapter summaries, case studies, problem-solving activities, and critical thinking questions * Web addresses and expansion and updating of the reference lists at the end of each chapter Ancillary material designed to enhance the teaching experience is provided for instructors on PowerPoint(R) slides.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)