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Oordooish

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Oordooish

Urdu ayns Nastaliq

Goll er loayrt ayns
Earroo loayreyderyn
  • L1: 70 millioonyn (2011–2017)[4]
  • L2: 170 millioonyn (2021)[4]
Kynney çhengey Ind-Oarpagh
Corys screeuee
Staydys oikoil
Çhengey oikoil ayns
Staydys mynlagh oikoil ayns Yn Affrick Yiass (çhengey choadit)[9]
Fo stiurey ec
Coadyn çhengey
ISO 639-1 ur
ISO 639-2 urd
ISO 639-3 urd
Linguasphere 59-AAF-q
Nodyn: Foddee vel cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE ayns Unicode er yn duillag shoh.

She çhengey Ind-Ayreeanagh ta loayrit 'syn Aishey Yiass er y chooid smoo ee yn Oordooish (اُردُو, ALA-LC: Urdū).[10][11] She çhengey ashoonagh as glare chadjin y Phakistaan t'ee, raad t'ee ny çhengey oikoil cur liorish y Vaarle.[12] 'Syn Injey, ta'n Oordooish coontit myr çhengey yn Hoghtoo Skedjal, as ta Bunraght yn Injey cur enney da staydys as eiraght cultooragh y çhengey;[13][14] as ta staydys oikoil ennagh eck ayns shiartanse dy steatyn yn Injey.[note 1][12] Ayns Nepaal, ta'n Oordooish enmyssit myr abbyrt ardjynagh recortyssit[15] as 'syn Affrick Yiass ta'n bunraght coadey yn çhengey. Chammah's shen, t'ee loayrit myr myn-çhengey 'syn Afghanistaan as 'sy Vangladesh gyn staydys oikoil.

T'eh er ny ve raait dy nee keim yn Hindustaanish ee yn Oordooish;[16][17] Ta'n Oordooish as y Hindish çheet as bun tasht-fockle, sheeanchoryssaghtys, co-ordrail, as grammeydys cadjin veih'n Tanskrit as y Phrakrit as, kyndagh rish shen, t'ad co-hohoiggalagh car tagglooyn laaoil.[18][19][20] Choud's ta'n Oordooish tayrn tasht-fockle lettyragh, politickagh, as çhaghnoil veih'n Phershish,[21] ta'n Hindish tayrn y tasht-fockle shen veih'n Tanskrit; rere shen, ta co-hohoiggalys y daa hengey leodaghey choud's ta keim yn ormoilid gardjaghey.[22]

Daase yn Oordooish ayns ard Ganges-Yamuna Doab, agh haghyr lhiassaghey mooar ayns Ard-chlaare Deccan.[23] Ayns 1837, haink yn Oordooish dy ve ny çhengey oikoil ayns Colught Goaldagh yn Injey Hiar, ayns ynnyd y Phershish harrish yn Injey hwoaie car reill y Cholught; derrey shoh she Pershish va çhengey ny cooyrtey ayns impiraghtyn Ind-Islamagh eigsoylagh.[24] Dirree faghteyryn crauee, sheshoil, as politickagh car eash choloinagh yn Injey chur rish anchaslys eddyr yn Oordooish as y Hindish, haink gys e vullagh ayns arganys y Hindish–Oordooish.[25]

Rere oolaghyn 'sy vlein 2022 liorish Ethnologue as The World Factbook, t'er ny chur magh ec y Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), ta'n Oordooish 'sy 10oo ynnyd mastey ny çhengaghyn smoo loayrit 'sy theihll, lesh 230 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn, goaill stiagh adsyn ta loayrt yn Oordooish myr y nah hengey oc.[26][27]

Noteyn

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  1. ↑ Ta staydys oikoil ennagh ec yn Oordooish 'syn Injey ayns ny steatyn Bihar, Jharkhand, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh as y Vengaal Heear, chammah as ayns thalloo pree-valjaghh ashoonagh Delhi as ayns Thalloo Unnaneys Jammu as Kashmir.[12]

Fo-noteyn

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  1. ↑ Ta'n Oordooish loayrit as toiggit ec begnagh 90% jeh Pakistaanee, agh cha nel ee loayrit agh ec 9% myr yn ynrican çhengey ghooghyssagh oc (ooley as coontey-pobble 2023) as cha nel ee dooghyssagh da ard erbee jeh'n Phakistaan; dirree ee ayns Cryss y Hindish-Oordooish as she glare chadjin yn Injey Hwoaie roie-rheynnit v'ee.

Imraaghyn

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  1. ↑ "Data Tables". Census of India. 2011. Feddynit magh er 25 Mayrnt 2024.
  2. ↑ "Languages - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Feddynit magh er 2024-03-25.
  3. ↑ "Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II (Social Demography)" (PDF).
  4. ↑ a b Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., rdyn. (2024). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (27th ln.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
  5. ↑ "Urdu second official language in Andhra Pradesh" (ayns en-US), Deccan Chronicles (24 Mayrnt 2022). 
  6. ↑ "Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed" (ayns en-IN), The Hindu (23 Mayrnt 2022). 
  7. ↑ "Urdu is Telangana's second official language" (ayns en-US), The Indian Express (16 Sauin 2017). 
  8. ↑ "Urdu is second official language in Telangana as state passes Bill", The News Minute (17 Sauin 2017). 
  9. ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". www.gov.za. Feddynit magh er 6 Nollick 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (cooney)
  10. ↑ Urdu language, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 5 Nollick 2019, feddynit magh er 17 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (cooney)
  11. ↑ Urdu (n), Oxford English Dictionary, Mean Souree 2020, feddynit magh er 11 Mean Fouyir 2020
  12. ↑ a b c "Error analysis of the Urdu verb markers: a comparative study on Google and Bing machine translation platforms" (2014). Aligarh Journal of Linguistics. Ym-lioar 4 (1–2). 
  13. ↑ Gazzola, Michele; Wickström, Bengt-Arne (2016). The Economics of Language Policy. MIT Press. dgn. 469–. ISBN 978-0-262-03470-8.
  14. ↑ Groff, Cynthia (2017). The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India: Voices of Women and Educators in the Himalayan Foothills. Palgrave Macmillan UK. dgn. 58–. ISBN 978-1-137-51961-0.
  15. ↑ "National Languages Policy Recommendation Commission" (PDF). MOE Nepal. 1994. dg. Appendix one. Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh (PDF) er 26 March 2023. Feddynit magh er 14 March 2021.
  16. ↑ Gibson, Mary (13 Boaldyn 2011). Indian Angles: English Verse in Colonial India from Jones to Tagore. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0821443583.
  17. ↑ Basu, Manisha (2017). The Rhetoric of Hindutva. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107149878.
  18. ↑ Gube, Jan; Gao, Fang (2019). Education, Ethnicity and Equity in the Multilingual Asian Context (ayns English). Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-981-13-3125-1.
  19. ↑ Yoon, Bogum; Pratt, Kristen L., rdyn. (15 Jerrey Geuree 2023). Primary Language Impact on Second Language and Literacy Learning (ayns Baarle). Lexington Books. dg. 198.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)
  20. ↑ "Ties between Urdu & Sanskrit deeply rooted: Scholar". The Times of India. 12 Mayrnt 2024. Feddynit magh er 8 Boaldyn 2024.
  21. ↑ Kiss, Tibor; Alexiadou, Artemis (10 Mayrnt 2015). Syntax - Theory and Analysis (ayns English). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. dg. 1479. ISBN 978-3-11-036368-5.
  22. ↑ Clyne, Michael (24 Boaldyn 2012). Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations (ayns English). Walter de Gruyter. dg. 385. ISBN 978-3-11-088814-0.
  23. ↑ Taher, Mohamed (1994). Librarianship and Library Science in India: An Outline of Historical Perspectives (ayns English). Concept Publishing Company. dg. 115. ISBN 978-81-7022-524-9.
  24. ↑ Metcalf, Barbara D. (2014). Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900. Princeton University Press. dgn. 207–. ISBN 978-1-4008-5610-7.
  25. ↑ Ahmad, Rizwan (1 Jerrey Souree 2008). "Scripting a new identity: The battle for Devanagari in nineteenth-century India". Journal of Pragmatics. Ym-lioar 40 (7): 1163–1183. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2007.06.005. ISSN 0378-2166. 
  26. ↑ "Language Politics in Pakistan: Urdu as Official versus National Lingua Franca" (24 July 2022). Annals of Human and Social Sciences. Ym-lioar 3 (2): 82–91. doi:10.35484/ahss.2022(3-II)08. ISSN 2790-6809. 
  27. ↑ "World", The World Factbook (ayns English), Central Intelligence Agency, 20 Sauin 2023, feddynit magh er 27 Sauin 2023 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |access-date= as |date= (cooney)

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