Harshen Tagalog
| Tagalog | |
|---|---|
| Asali a | Philippines |
| Yanki | Katagalugan; Metro Manila, Parts of Central Luzon, Calabarzon, and Parts of Mimaropa |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
tgl |
| Glottolog |
taga1280[1] |
 Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines | |
Tagalog ( tə- / GAH - log ; [ 1 ] [ ]</link> ; Baybayin : ) yaren Australiya ne wanda 'yan kabilar Tagalog ke magana a matsayin yare na farko, waɗanda ke da kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar Philippines, kuma a matsayin yare na biyu mafi rinjaye. Sigar daidaitaccen tsari, bisa hukuma mai suna Filipino, yaren ƙasa ne na Philippines, kuma ɗayan harsunan hukuma ne guda biyu, tare da Ingilishi .
Tagalog yana da alaƙa da sauran harsunan Philippine, kamar harsunan Bikol, harsunan Bisayan, Ilocano, Kapampangan, da Pangasinan, kuma mafi nisa ga sauran harsunan Austronesian, kamar harsunan Formosan na Taiwan, Indonesian, Malay, Hawaiian, Māori, Malagasy, da sauransu.
Rabewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tagalog yare ne na Arewacin Philippine a cikin dangin harshen Austronesian . Kasancewa Malayo-Polynesian, yana da alaƙa da wasu harsunan Austronesian, kamar Malagasy, Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Tetum (na Timor), da Yami (na Taiwan). Yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da harsunan da ake magana a cikin yankin Bicol da tsibiran Visayas, irin su ƙungiyar Bikol da ƙungiyar Visayan, gami da Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon da Cebuano . [2]
Tagalog ya bambanta da takwarorinsa na Philippine ta Tsakiya tare da maganin Proto-Philippine schwa wasali *ə</link> . A yawancin yarukan Bikol da Visayan, wannan sautin ya haɗe da /u/</link> kuma [o]</link> . A cikin Tagalog, an haɗa shi da /i/</link> . Misali, Proto-Philippine *dəkət</link> (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót .
Proto-Philippine *r</link> , *j</link> , da *z</link> hade da /d/</link> amma /l/</link> tsakanin wasali. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan</link> (suna) da *hajək</link> (kiss) ya zama Tagalog ngalan da halík . Maƙwabtan rafi, duk da haka, ya zama /r/</link> maimakon: bayyad (biya) → bayaran (a biya).
Proto-Philippine *R</link> haɗe da /ɡ/</link> . *tubiR</link> (ruwa) da *zuRuʔ</link> (jini) ya zama Tagalog tubig da dugô .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wataƙila kalmar Tagalog ta samo asali ne daga endonym taga-ilog ("mazaunin kogi"), wanda ya ƙunshi tagá- ("ɗan asalin" ko "daga") da ilog ("kogin"), ko kuma, taga-alog wanda ya samo asali daga alog. (" pool of water in the lowland "; "shinkafa ko kayan lambu"). Masana harshe irin su David Zorc da Robert Blust sun yi hasashen cewa Tagalogs da sauran ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da harshe na Philippine sun samo asali ne daga Arewa maso Gabashin Mindanao ko kuma Visayas ta Gabas . [3]
Kalmomi masu yiwuwa na Tsohuwar Tagalog an tabbatar da su a cikin Laguna Copperplate Rubutun daga karni na goma, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Tsohon Malay . [4] Babban sanannen cikakken littafi na farko da za a rubuta a cikin Tagalog shine Doctrina Christiana (Rukunan Kirista), wanda aka buga a 1593. An rubuta Doctrina a cikin Mutanen Espanya da kuma fassarar Tagalog guda biyu; daya a cikin tsohon, rubutun Baybayin na yanzu da kuma ɗayan a farkon ƙoƙarin Mutanen Espanya na rubutun rubutun Latin don harshen.
A cikin shekaru 333 na mulkin Mutanen Espanya, limaman Spain sun rubuta nahawu da ƙamus iri-iri. A cikin 1610, firist na Dominican Francisco Blancas de San José ya buga Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (wanda aka sabunta shi da bugu biyu a 1752 da 1832) a Bataan. A cikin 1613, firist Franciscan Pedro de San Buenaventura ya buga ƙamus na farko na Tagalog, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala a Pila, Laguna .
Babban ƙamus na farko na yaren Tagalog ɗan mishan ɗan ƙasar Czech Jesuit Pablo Clain ne ya rubuta shi a farkon ƙarni na 18. Clain ya yi magana da Tagalog kuma ya yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin littattafansa da yawa. Ya shirya ƙamus, wanda daga baya ya wuce zuwa Francisco Jansens da José Hernandez. P. Juan de Noceda da P. Pedro de Sanlucar sun shirya ƙarin tattarawa na babban aikin sa kuma an buga su a matsayin Vocabulario de la lengua tagala a Manila a cikin 1754 sannan aka sake maimaita , tare da bugu na ƙarshe yana cikin 2013 a Manila.