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Urdu

Gyara hanyoyin mahaɗar
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Urdu
اردو
'Yan asalin magana
 harshen asali: 68,600,000 (2019)
harshen asali: 68,619,830 (1999)
second language (en) Fassara: 94,022,900 (1999)
Urdu orthography (en) Fassara, Kaithi (en) Fassara da Devanagari (en) Fassara
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-1 ur
ISO 639-2 urd
ISO 639-3 urd
Glottolog urdu1245[1]

Urdu ko Lashkari, (أردو ko لشکری)[2] harshe ne daga cikin manyan harsunan yankin Kudancin Asiya. Shine sharshen kasa a Pakistan da kuma Indiya Kashmir kuma harshen ne na Gwamnati a Indiya. Ana yin magana da harshen Urdu ko ina a kasar Indiya. Musammam ma a jihohin Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar da Utter Pradesh,

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ainahin sunan Urdu yazo ne daga harshen Chagatai. Ana furta harshen Urdu kusan iri daya da harshen Indiyanci, bambanci kawai shine harshen Indiyanci ana rubutashi ne da salon rubutu na Devanagari, yayin da harshen Urdu kuma ake rebuts shi da salo iron na Farisanci da Larabci. Wannan bambanci na salon rubutu shine ya kawo samuwar manyan kabilu biyu a Indiya da Pakistan kamar yadda marubuci Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi  ya fada. Yayinda Musulmai suka kama magana da harshen Urdu sai sukuma mabiya addinin Hindu suka shiga yin amfani ha harshen Indiyanci. Wannan kuma ya kawo tsarkake harshen Urdu daga dukkan wani salon rubutu na Indiyanci kuma shima Indiyancin ya rabu da dukkan wasu haruffa na larabci da Farisanci.

Dangantaka da harshen Farisanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bambamci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Haruffan da ake amfani dasu wajen rubuta harshen Urdu an samo su ne daga haruffan harshen Farisanci, Wanda shima daga harshen Larabci ya samo su. Karin hariffan da aka samu a Urdu sune ٹ ,ڈ ,ڑ (ṫ, ḋ, ṙ). Hatuffa buying ne suka samu na furucin ه (h) da ی (y). Idan aka kara wadannan haruffan a Urdu to mutanen arewacin Indiya da na Pakistan zai masu matukar sauki.

Daidaito

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana fara rubuta Urdu daga dama zuwa hagu hakama Farisanci. Haka kuma ana rubuta a salon Nasta'liq. Shi Nasta'liq wani salon rubutu ne wanda Mir Ali na Tabriz, (fitaccen mai zane-zane na zamanin Timurid 1402-1502) ya samar da shi.

Masu jin yaren Urdu a fadin duka duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wannan teburin shine yake nuna mana manyan kasashen da ake mu'amala da harshen Urdu da kuma yawan su a kowacce kasar.

Kasa Yawan mutane Urdu a matsayin yaren haihuwa Wadanda sukaji Urdu sosai Adadi baki daya
Pakistan 207,862,518[3] 15,100,000 (7.26%)[4] 94,000,000 (45.22%) [Ana bukatan hujja] 109,100,000 (52.49%) [Ana bukatan hujja]
Indiya 1,296,834,042[5] 50,772,631 (3.91%)[6] 12,151,715 (0.94%)[6] 62,924,346 (4.85%)
Afghanistan 34,940,837[7] – 1,048,225 (3.00%)[7] 1,048,225 (3.00%)
Saudiyya 33,091,113[8] 757,000 (2.29%)[9] – 757,000 (2.29%)
Nepal 29,717,587[10] 691,546 (2.33%)[11] – 691,546 (2.33%)
Turai 65,105,246[12] 400,000 (0.61%)[13] – 400,000 (0.61%)
Amurika 329,256,465[14] 300,000 (0.09%)[15] – 300,000 (0.09%)
Bangladesh 159,453,001[16] 250,000 (0.16%)[17] – 250,000 (0.16%)
Kanada 35,881,659[18] 206,000 (0.57%)[19] – 206,000 (0.57%)
Qatar 2,363,569[20] 173,000 (7.32%)[21] – 173,000 (7.32%)
Oman 4,613,241[22] 95,000 (2.06%)[23] – 95,000 (2.06%)
Iran 83,024,745[24] 88,000 (0.10%)[25] – 88,000 (0.10%)
Baharain 1,442,659[26] 74,000 (5.13%)[27] – 74,000 (5.13%)
Norway 5,372,191[28] 34,000 (0.63%)[29] – 34,000 (0.63%)
Turkiyya 81,257,239[30] 24,000 (0.03%)[31] – 24,000 (0.03%)
Jamus 80,457,737[32] 23,000 (0.03%)[33] – 23,000 (0.03%)
Gabadaya 7,700,000,000[34] 68,988,177 (0.90%) 107,199,940 (1.39%) 176,188,117 (2.29%)

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Urdu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Aijazuddin Ahmad (2009). Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: A Critical Approach. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 120–. ISBN 978-81-8069-568-1.
  3. ↑ "South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  4. ↑ "Urdu". Ethnologue (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  5. ↑ "South Asia :: India — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :12
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :22
  8. ↑ "Middle East :: Saudi Arabia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  9. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Saudi Arabia". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  10. ↑ "South Asia :: Nepal — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  11. ↑ "Nepal Census" (PDF).
  12. ↑ "Europe :: United Kingdom — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  13. ↑ "United Kingdom". Ethnologue (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  14. ↑ "North America :: United States — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  15. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in United States". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  16. ↑ "South Asia :: Bangladesh — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  17. ↑ "Urdu in Bangladesh" (PDF).
  18. ↑ "North America :: Canada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  19. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Canada". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  20. ↑ "Middle East :: Qatar — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  21. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Qatar". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  22. ↑ "Middle East :: Oman — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  23. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Oman". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  24. ↑ "Middle East :: Iran — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  25. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu, Islami in Iran". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  26. ↑ "Middle East :: Bahrain — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  27. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Bahrain". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  28. ↑ "Europe :: Norway — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  29. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Norway". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  30. ↑ "Middle East :: Turkey — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  31. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Turkey". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  32. ↑ "Europe :: Germany — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  33. ↑ Project, Joshua. "Urdu in Germany". joshuaproject.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  34. ↑ "World Population Clock: 7.7 Billion People (2019) – Worldometers". www.worldometers.info (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 November 2019.
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