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Intimate Partner Violence : The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women

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  • Bhalotra,Sonia R.
  • Kambhampati,Uma
  • Rawlings,Samantha
  • Siddique,Zahra

Abstract

This study examines the association of unemployment variation with intimate partner violence using representative data from thirty-one developing countries, through 2005 to 2016. It finds that a 1 percent increase in the male unemployment rate is associated with an increase in the incidence of physical violence against women by 0.50 percentage points, or 2.75 percent. This is consistent with financial and psychological stress generated by unemployment. Female unemployment rates have the opposite effect, a 1 percent decrease being associated with an increase in the probability of victimization of 0.52 percentage points, or 2.87 percent. That an improvement in women's employment opportunities is associated with increased violence is consistent with male backlash. The study finds that this pattern of behaviours emerges entirely from countries in which women have more limited access to divorce than men.

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  • Bhalotra,Sonia R. & Kambhampati,Uma & Rawlings,Samantha & Siddique,Zahra, 2020. "Intimate Partner Violence : The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9118, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9118
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    4. Abel Kinyondo & Magashi Joseph, 2021. "Women’s employment status and domestic violence in Tanzania: How do they link?," International Journal of Social Welfare, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(2), pages 216-225, April.
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    6. Aanchal Bagga & Marcus Holmlund & Nausheen Khan & Subha Mani & Eric Mvukiyehe & Patrick Premand, 2023. "Do Public Works Programs Have Sustained Impacts? A Review of Experimental Studies from LMICs," Fordham Economics Discussion Paper Series dp2023-07er:dp2023-07, Fordham University, Department of Economics.
    7. Clerici, Cristina & Tripodi, Stefano, 2021. "Unemployment and Intra-Household Dynamics: the Effect of Male Job Loss on Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda," Misum Working Paper Series 2021-4, Stockholm School of Economics, Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets (Misum).
    8. Surya Nath Maiti, 2024. "Domestic Risk Factors, Violence and Marital Dissolution: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey of India," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 36(5), pages 1147-1170, October.
    9. Cullen, Claire & Sarthak, Josh & Vecci, Joseph & Talbot-Jones, Julia, 2024. "Female empowerment and male backlash: Experimental evidence from India," Working Papers in Economics 849, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
    10. M. Amelia Gibbons & Tommy E. Murphy & Martín A. Rossi, 2021. "Confinement and intimate partner violence," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(3), pages 349-361, August.
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    14. Arenas-Arroyo, Esther & Fernandez-Kranz, Daniel & Nollenberger, Natalia, 2021. "Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    15. Gökçe, Merve Betül & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2024. "The Effects of Civil War and Forced Migration on Intimate Partner Violence among Syrian Refugee Women in Jordan," IZA Discussion Papers 17284, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Punarjit Roychowdhury & Gaurav Dhamija, 2022. "Don't cross the line: Bounding the causal effect of hypergamy violation on domestic violence in India," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 185(4), pages 1952-1978, October.
    17. Sarma, Nayantara, 2022. "Domestic violence and workfare: An evaluation of India’s MGNREGS," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    18. Sharma, Karmini, 2024. "Tackling Sexual Harassment: Short and Long-Run Experimental Evidence from India," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 728, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).

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