[en] Based on studies created for the city of Guestrow in East Germany, the main steps and general tasks for future oriented energy supply in municipal areas are presented. In particular, criteria for the evaluation of data for various consumption sectors, for the investigations into the demand structures, for the identification of savings potentials and for the assessment of technical concepts are discussed. (Author)

[en] PowerGen has been involved in a number of studies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia on the rehabilitation of existing power stations. Based on these studies, this paper describes the main issues influencing strategy and describes a number of ways in which improved life, reliability, and output can be achieved from existing plant by refurbishment and replanting, and by improved plant management, system, and skills development. In addition it discusses some of key issues facing the countries in this region and the longer term strategies it outlines where improvements can be made for improving output in potential returns on investments. (Author)

[en] This paper presents a dispatch approach that incorporates environmental external conditions into electric utility operation decision making. The approach called emission constrained economic dispatch, identifies the least-cost action for achieving hourly or daily emission targets. The problem is formulated mathematically, and a solution process is proposed. The suggested solution method which offers a practical approach to the emission constrained dispatch problem, is applied on a test example. (Author)

[en] A method for computation of the strength of Nuclear Power Plants' supporting structures is presented. The method takes into consideration the factors that weaken the structure such as holes, hollow spaces, cracks and other defects under the action of pulse loads that are the characteristic features of emergency conditions. A part of the supporting structure in a form of reinforced concrete plate with rectangular holes is analyzed in detail. The zones of concentration of the dynamic stresses, that precede the emerging of destruction in the material used for construction are determined. (Author)

[en] Technical, economical and social reasons, strongly supporting the nuclear power option are reviewed. The history of Romanian nuclear power program is outlined with a particular focus on the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant project. Finally the prospective of nuclear power in Romania are assessed

[en] This is a general report presenting the section VII entitled Nuclear Power of the National Conference on Energy (CNE '94) held in Neptun, Romania, on 13-16 June 1994. The problems addressed were those relating to electric power produced by nuclear power plant, to heat secondary generation, to quality assurance, to safety, etc. A special attention was paid to the commissioning of the first Romanian nuclear power unit, the Cernavoda-1 reactor of CANDU type. The communications were grouped in four subsections. These were: 1. Quality assurance, nuclear safety, and environmental protection; 2. Nuclear power plant, commissioning, and operation; 3. Nuclear power plant inspection, maintenance, and repairs, heavy water technology; 4. Public opinion education. There were 22 reports, altogether

[en] A significant characteristics of the present situation of the Moldavian economy is the social impact of cyclic and structural economic crises. The energy crisis is an important concern for social-political background of the Republic and it requires updating the elements of the permanent capital implied in electrothermal power production. Comparative calculations were done for electrothermal demands and the results illustrate the dynamics of the energy intensity for the power output. Several suggestions are advanced to settle the energy-economical problems

[en] The paper presents the reasons why an on-line lifetime monitoring method for thermomechanical equipment should be achieved. The NPP turbine rotors' case is emphasized, since it is probably the most difficult to get subjected to such a method. The on-line lifetime assessing philosophy is than presented, including the various steps of the monitoring chain that should be achieved. Some original software is also presented in order to sustain the ICEMENERG current achievements in this field. (Author)

[en] The erection of a nuclear power plant requires the utilisation of complex Quality Assurance (QA) programs. These programs implement specific standards, procedures and laws to ensure that the plant is constructed to the highest possible safety level attainable. Some procedures and standards have a narrow field of action while others cover a large area of operation. Such is the case with the turnover procedure presented in this paper, which is one component of the QA program. (Author)

[en] The purpose of this paper is to present the CANDU Owners Group (COG) and World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the integration of RENEL in the Information Exchange Programs and participation with COG Research and Development (R and D) Programs. (Author)