[en] The purposes, goals, professional training, personnel number, equipment and other problems connected with emergency service organization in nuclear power engineering are argued

[en] The results of works dealing with liquidation of accident effects at the Chernobyl' NPP are generalized. Some measures realized are estimated. Suggestions directed to efficiency increase when eliminating such accident effects are formulated

[en] Basing on experimental data and using the research results and estimates of other authors an attempt is made to argue and formulate the principles of management for natural and agricultural lands, which can form the basis for development of the conception for use of the population relocation zone. The list of the first-priority works dealing with the problem of rational management of the zone natural objects is given. The necessity of development of the basis for organization of radioecologic nature, reserve, is shown. The scheme of organization of territory use in the population relocation zone is given. 2 figs.; 1 tab

[en] The results of forest radiation monitoring are discussed. The data on radionuclide distribution and following migration in forest ecosystem are obtained. The data are applied for estimation of dose loading for different groups of organisms being incorporated in forest biocenosis; determination of the characteristics of contamination levels for different wood industry products; determination of vertical radionuclide migration in forest biogeocenosis; estimation of radionuclide redistribution in the system of geochemically conjugated landscaped, which given an opportunity to reveal nidus of radionuclide secondary, accumulation on geochemical barriers; revealing the sanitary-protective role of the forest resulting in decreasing the scales of wind and water, radionuclides migration and their release outside, the contaminated territory boundaries. The suggestions for environment protection in the radioactive contamination zone are formulated. 4 refs.; 4 figs.; 4 tabs

[en] The effects of radioactive contamination on conifer forest ecosystems in the Chrenobyl' NPP accident region are studied. The conditions, under which the studies are made, are described. The results obtained are discussed, and the degrees of forest tract injuries depending on irradiation doses are estimated. It is shown that the radiation situation in forests of the 30-km zone has been stabilized to the end 1987. Levels of gamma radiation exposure doses on soil surface are decreased at the average by the factor of 4-5 from October 1986 fill October 1987. Practically all needles would fall down, the bark would be partially, decontaminated in 1989-1990, which lead to noticeable decrease of radioactive contamination of wood overground part

[en] The review of severe accidents in the world practice of NPP operation is given. The problems met when eliminating the Chernobyl' NPP accident effects are discussed. The main purposes of the emergency-engineering service in nuclear power engineering are considered. These are: possible accident forecasting and preparation of the equipment for its effect elimination; prevention of accidents and abnormal situations at nuclear power objects; accident effect liquidation, NPP unit decommissioning. Some directions which development takes the priority, are formulated. 21 refs

[en] The necessity of realization of forestry protection measures in the radioactive contamination zone is determined by the forest ecological part and the problems of elimination of the territory secondary contamination in the process of radionuclide migration. The damage of forest tracts in the zone is analyzed. The data on pine surface contamination levels, needles appearance in forests with different degree of damage and crown phytomass, growth for pines 20 years old in forests with different damage degrees are considered. The index of pine forest state is obtained. The data discussed reveal the complicated situation, which takes place in the 30-km zone forests. It is shown that the depth of radionuclide migration into soil for forest areas is twice lower as compared with that for open places. 6 tabs

[en] The state of forests on area of 625 ha inclusing the main niduses of pine radioactive contamination in September 1987 is examined. The indexes of growth and breeding processes are determined, radiation morphological changes and genetic injuries are taken into account. The characteristics of radioactive damage and post-irradiation reconstruction of pine forests are revealed. The morphological parameters of model trees for different zones of pine radiation injuries are given. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in irradiated pine seeds and birch seed vitality are determined. It is revealed that the forests weakened by irradiation are subjected to damages by both leaf rodents and trunk vermins, which cause wood injuries, forest withering, fire hazard increasing on large territories. 4 tabs

[en] Some results of liquidation of the Chernobyl' NPP accident effects and main principles of the zone development are discussed. The problems of management for the zone territory and natural objects and the ways for wood industry development are considered. The state estimation and forecasting for conifers in the zone, wood ecosystem radioactive contamination effects, analysis of conifer genetic effects are made. The results of physical-mathematical simulation of formation of the Chernobyl' NPP near zone territory contamination with long-living radionuclides are given. The protection ability of the aeration zone soil-grounds within the boundaries of radiogeochemical effects of radioactive effluents from internal surfaces of air conduit and ventilation duct during ventilation system operation is estimated

[en] The efficiency of measures realized in order to eliminate the Chernobyl' accident effects is estimated. The principles of organization of the emergency-engineering service for accident elimination in nuclear power engineering are described. The automated information safety system should from the technical basis for this service. The information system structure is determined. The list of main directions of research and design works realized in the emergency-engineering service interests is given. It is noted that all parts of the emergency-engineering service must prepare the plants of works together with the USSR civil defense service, and they should interact in the process of accident elimination basing on coordinated organizational and technical solutions