[en] This paper deals with the Indian experience related to economic and financing issues in implementing a nuclear power programme successfully. It highlights the ingredients that have resulted in the success of the programme. It suggests that the model adopted by India can also be adopted by other developing countries with suitable modifications and proposes certain measures to help the implementation of a nuclear power programme in developing countries. (author)

[en] The concept of small size co-generation nuclear power plant of enhanced safety intended for electricity supply to remote and difficult-to-access areas has been presented. The basic design features and the configuration of an integral nuclear reactor and plant as a whole are described. (author)

[en] Small and medium (S and M) sized reactors are attractive for countries or utilities, which have small electricity grid systems and needs to provide both electricity and process heat to remote communities. S and M reactors must be cost competitive, and their operation must adhere to the international safety standards. In addition, new approaches, which will strengthen the nuclear fuel cycle requirements in areas of waste and non-proliferation, are needed to help gain public acceptance and support. (author)

[en] In a gigantic and complex project such as the construction of a nuclear power plant, certain types of management methodologies and tools are prerequisite in order to ensure the satisfaction of all the project stakeholders in terms of time, cost, quality, and others. The advanced construction management system applied to Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Project by Daewoo E and C Co., Ltd. has proven to be the major contributor to its successful completion. Based on this success we are very sure that we can serve our potential clients for the existing and prospective projects including SMR projects with our capability in combination with a more advanced construction management system. (author)

[en] The paper deals with the proliferation risks associated with acquiring nuclear reactors and associated fuel cycle capabilities and gives the IAEA perspective on safeguards of nuclear power plants. It also discusses how the safeguards system might evolve if the number of reactors is going to increase dramatically - by a factor of ten or more. The responsibilities are incumbent upon nuclear suppliers, the States buying and using reactors and fuel cycle services, and upon IAEA safeguards. It is concluded that significant increases in nuclear power without proliferation are possible under arrangements that we can all accept. (author)

[en] The paper addresses a general approach for the preparation of the design safety requirements using the IAEA Safety Objectives and the strategy of defence in depth. It proposes a general method (top-down approach) to prepare safety requirements for a specific kind of small or medium size reactor using the IAEA requirements for Nuclear Power Plants as starting point through a critical interpretation and application of the strategy of defence in depth. The method is general and can be applied to any kind of reactor. An activity is being carried out at the IAEA to prepare the technical basis for the development of safety requirements for Modular High Temperature Gas Reactors in order to show the viability of the method. (author)

[en] The paper gives a global perspective of the energy share, mix and demand in different regions of the world in light of the population growth and economic development expected in the coming decades. It is suggested that all energy options be kept open. The important potential role of nuclear power is discussed. (author)

[en] Small and medium size reactor development has many incentives, some are economic and others are safety related. Another incentive to SMR development has been its suitability for implementation of new design approaches. Small reactors have a potential for substantial simplification of the design, facilitating more economical operation and maintenance. A most serious constraint for nuclear power introduction in developing countries is the difficulty in obtaining financing. The high investment costs may even exceed the overall credit limits of lending institutions for an individual developing country. Two other factors are longer construction time and potential uncertainties in schedule and costs due to regulatory and public intervention and policy changes. On the basis of this orientation, a feasibility study and siting of the first Nuclear Power Plant of SIDI BOULBRA in Morocco had been undertaken between 1984 and 1996 in the framework of the agreement concluded between ONE and the French company SOFRATOME under the support of IAEA. This study has shown that the nuclear power option could be a viable solution. The chosen site of SIDI BOULBRA was recognized by the Agency as a qualified site. It has now been decided to update the above mentioned study in order to introduce a Small and Medium Reactor (300-600 MW) which is suitable for the national electric grid and which will contribute to the energy demand in the horizon of 2015. (author)

[en] The viability of a nuclear power programme in any country depends on the availability of adequate infrastructure. The infrastructure requirements include legal, institutional, educational, technological, industrial, financial and human resources. In principle, any country can develop its infrastructures to an adequate level, but this requires substantial time and effort. Small and medium reactors and innovative reactors that could possibly minimize the infrastructure requirements would offer an attractive option to developing countries unable to invest in upgrading the infrastructure in a big way. This paper discusses the infrastructure requirements for the deployment of nuclear power. (author)

[en] In the frame of the IAEA TC project 'Strategy for nuclear energy development' a WASP (Wien Automatic System Planning package) study was carried out for selection of prospective reactor types for Ukraine. The paper discusses the results of this study. Based on national operating experience and industrial situation, it is concluded that 500 - 700 MWe water reactors will be suitable for Ukraine such as WWER-640, AP-600, VPBER-600, CANDU-6, CANDU-9 and SWBR. (author)