[en] This paper highlights the importance of maintaining the system chemistry within the stipulated limits. It also explains the different structural materials that are used in the plant and different chemicals that are added to the system to maintain the chemistry. Unlike PHWRs, the chemistry of VVER is very much different. (author)

[en] Boron is used in the moderator system as a neutron absorber for stopping the fission chain reaction for the safe shutdown of the reactor. For making the reactor critical again, boron is removed using ion exchange columns. The rate of boron removal depends on several factors like boron concentration, boron loading on the ion exchange columns and purification flow. Experiences at RAPS-3 and 4 have shown that ion exchange columns, kept for longer duration during steady power operation, may not remove boron during criticality. This paper highlights the experiences at RAPS-3 and 4 and the investigation done. (author)

[en] The paper deals with the operational problems experienced with Morpholine as an alkalizing agent in the secondary system, and the change over of alkalizing agent from Morpholine to ETA. The paper also deals with the benefits of the change over of the alkalizing agent from Morpholine to Ethanolamine. (author)

[en] Over the past three decades the pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWR) have served as India's main stay for nuclear power production. The chemistry domain of the primary heat transport system (PHT) is very simple because of absence of soluble poison. This simplicity has led to effective monitoring and control of chemistry regime. Use of synthetically produced coolant heavy water which is devoid of any conventional impurities has further helped in maintaining good chemistry domain. In this paper, a few case studies, which have undergone similar testing and implementation elsewhere in the world, are presented with a view to take cue for a similar implementation in power reactor systems

[en] Water is a precious gift of nature to the mankind and it is vital for living beings and industries. It may become a scarce resource, if proper measures are not adopted timely to conserve the same. Water Management with measures taken for water, energy conservation and effluent reduction at HWP - Hazira are described in the present paper. System details of pre-treatment, cooling water, steam, boiler, effluent etc. pertaining to HWP-Hazira are described. Cooling water treatment adopted in HWP-HAZIRA is operating at 3-4 concentration cycles. Treatment is found to be satisfactory as revealed by the absence of scaling or corrosion induced by microbial fouling in coolers, heat exchangers etc. due to observations made during the last ATR. The cooling water treatment adopted and followed by KRIBHCO is also described. KRIBHCO is operating their cooling water system at a cycle of concentration of 7-8 to conserve water and chemicals. (author)

[en] It is required to maintain the demineralised water plant in a healthy condition to meet the makeup requirements of feed water and various nuclear and conventional systems having demineralised water as a cooling medium. The rubber liners on the internal surfaces of resin vessels play an important role in safeguarding the vessel from corrosion. Deterioration in the physical condition of rubber liners affects the resin quality and bed performance adversely. This report highlights the problems encountered in cation bed of stream-2 due to damage in rubber liners and the corrective actions. (author)

[en] Kalpakkam has been chosen as model coastal site to study the impact of thermal discharges on water qualities, benthic animals and fishes. The results of this study are expected to be valid for any given open coastal location on the east and west coast of India. The present study investigates, the impact of the elevated temperature due to thermal discharge on two groups of marine animals viz. Benthos (non-swimming bottom dwellers) and fishes

[en] In KGS - 1 and 2, frequent tube failures of hydrogen coolers have caused more concern as they were directly affecting the availability of units. There were unit outages due to hydrogen cooler tube failures. Detailed and systematic studies were carried out by Chemical Lab., KGS for identification of root cause and implementation of remedial measures. Various measures identified, developed and implemented in a systematic manner have subsequently resulted in mitigation of frequent tube failures. (author)

[en] Experiments were undertaken to study the feasibility of using weakly basic anion exchange resin for enrichment of isotopes of boron by ion exchange chromatography and water as eluent. The results of experiments carried out to determine total chloride capacity (TCC), strong base capacity (SBC) of the resin at different concentrations of boric acid and enrichment profiles are reported in this paper. (author)

[en] A major problem in any open recirculating cooling water system, is the growth of micro-organisms, especially algae, which adversely affects the efficient and safe operation of the plant. The algae control depends to a great extent, on the selection of an effective algaecide and on the adoption of proper dose and dosing frequency of the algaecide. The present paper describes the development of (i) a generally applicable analytical method for comparing the algicidal efficacies of available commercial algaecides, for the specific local strains of algae in the spray pond waters of CIRUS reactor at Trombay, and (ii) a procedure for assessing 'algicide demand' in open recirculating cooling water systems, which can be used to establish an effective and efficient algae control programme. (author)