[en] Full text : With their wide scope, particularly in the areas of environment, geology, mining, industry and life sciences; analysis techniques are of great importance in research as fundamental and applied. The Conference on Techniques for Nuclear and Conventional Analysis and Applications (TANCA) are Registered in the national strategy of opening of the University and national research centers on their local, national and international levels. This conference aims to: Promoting nuclear and conventional analytical techniques; Contribute to the creation of synergy between the different players involved in these techniques include, Universities, Research Organizations, Regulatory Authorities, Economic Operators, NGOs and others; Inform and educate potential users of the performance of these techniques; Strengthen exchanges and links between researchers, industry and policy makers; Implement a program of inter-laboratory comparison between Moroccan one hand, and their foreign counterparts on the other; Contribute to the research training of doctoral students and postdoctoral scholars. Given the relevance and importance of the issues related to environment and impact on cultural heritage, this fourth edition of TANCA is devoted to the application of analytical techniques for conventional and nuclear Questions ied to environment and its impact on cultural heritage.

[en] Gharb area is one of the most important agricultural regions in Morocco, where the application of fertilizers is conducted in many cases without any respect of standards. This situation may generate negative environmental impact in vulnerable areas such as Mnasra groundwater. Our study tends to evaluate the level of contamination by nitrate of groundwater in a Mnasra area. The results show that 80% of the sampled wells are highly concentrated in nitrates in comparison with the standard of WHO. Intensification of agriculture in the area associated to excessive fertilizer application, repeated applications, irrigation and rainfall are reasons for an increasing nitrates pollution of water resources. Leaching of nitrate to the groundwater should receive more attention for its potential high mobile propriety which could cause serious damages for the environment and negative impact to the health of population.

[en] The change of the microstructure of hydrated burnt illitic-kaolinitic clay-lime blends as a fonction of curing time and line addition were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The relation between physical properties - bending strenght, density and water absorption - and the operating factors were formulated using response surface methodology. It was found that floculation-agglomeration, carbonation and hydrates formation where the main happening transformations. The pozzolanic reactions essentially involved metakaolin, derived from heated kaolinite. Based on the RSM results, both factors had positive effects on the strength and their interactions were synergistic. However, they manifested opposite effects and significant antaginistic interactions on density and water absorption

[en] The aim of this paper is to analyze the case of a joint venture stage to determine the successes and failures to undertake this business, based on the theory of resources and skills of entrepreneurship and business. It is intended to answer the question, what were the successes and failures committed by entrepreneurs to run the business plan in this particular case?. The answers were found relating the situations described in the case with the theories of resources and skills and entrepreneurship. The analysis concludes that the empirical knowledge of entrepreneurs, in this case were not sufficient to direct the business to success, and that the lack of structured knowledge and adequate scientific support for this project strongly directed towards the non-permanence on the market

[en] Full text: The soil and subsoil of Morocco are rich in geological phenomena that bear the imprint of a history that goes back in time more than 2000 million years. Very many sites geologically remarkable exposed in accessible outcrops, with good quality remain unknown to the general public and therefore deserve to be vulgarized. It is a memory to acquaint to the present generations but also to preserve for future generations. In total, a rich geological heritage in many ways: Varied landscapes, international stratotypes, various geological structures, varied rocks, mineral associations, a huge procession of fossiles, remnants of oceanic crust (ophiolites) among oldests ones in the world (800my), etc... For this geological heritage, an approach of an overall inventory is needed, both regionally and nationally, taking into account all the skills of the earth sciences. This will put the item on the natural (geological) potentialities as a lever for sustainable regional development. For this, it is necessary to implement a strategy of ''geoconservation'' for the preservation and assessment of the geological heritage.

[en] This work is part of the developed research on the behavior of metals at the solid / water interfaces. It's concerning the distribution of natural radioelements of three radioactive decays series (238U, 235U, 232Th) in natural solid compartment; Namely sedimentary phosphates. The system studied in this work is the exploitable layers of sedimentary phosphate rocks. The studied samples in this work are from the Elhlassa area of the Oulad Abdoun basin. Specific activities of the three natural radioactive series (238U, 235U, 232Th) were determined by alpha spectrometry of the thin alpha sources prepared by specific radiochemical treatments. 238U, 235U, 234U 232Th, 230Th, 232Th specific activities expressed in Bq per kg of were determined by waiting1? close all the samples. The results show that the serie of 238U contribute significantly to the natural radioactivity of these samples. The maximum of 238U specific activitie value is 2299 Bq/Kg equivalent to 186 ppm for the deepest layer 3. 234U-238U, 230Th-238U isotopic ratios, were exploted and discussed.

[en] The objective of this work is to determine the levels of some heavy metals nutrients to characterize the pollution degree of Bouregreg river for that reason several samples were made upstream and downstream of the river to analyze the chemical elements: heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb) and nutrients (P, N) in water and sediment to determine the quantities of items that can be exchanged at the water interface Water- Sediment catchment Bouregreg and compare them to those that might be brought by the rivers upstream. To explain this environmental, study the variation of physical and chemical parameters (water temperature, conductivity and pH) has a great importance. To evaluate the potential of ICP-AES in natural waters. The creation of a database of reference therefore allows physicochemical characterization especially that related to heavy metals as well as identification of foreign materials [1]. The contribution of the analytical method principal components allows us to broaden the interpretation of analytical results to finally get an overall estimate of the optimal content sought and follow the evolution during treatment processes

[en] Full text: Sebou River is one of the largest and most important rivers in Morocco. Is located between rif in the north and the Middle Atlas to the south. Sebou receives various industrial and municipal discharges mainly at Fez and Kenitra. The objectives of this work were to determine concentrations of some heavy metals as: Ag, As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, Sb, W and Zn in Sebou River sediments, as well as to estimate the metals enrichments using the enrichment factor (EF). Sediment samples were collected from eight different superficial sites in Sebou River. Analyses were performed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) using OSIRIS reactor Saclay-France. The results indicate high levels for some elements in the stations located near to urban and industrial areas, Fez and Kenitra. The concentration of these elements reported in this work is useful as baselines for comparison in future Sebou sediments quality studies.

[en] Full text: Radioactivity, as natural product or whether resulting from human activities, is not without risks for human and for the environment. This is why practices that implement radioactive substances are strictly regulated. Discharges of radioactivity into the environment, in particular, are highly limited because they must follow strict standards. Permanent control of the radiological situation of the environment around a nuclear facility has as a primary objective ensuring continuous radiological protection of the population and the environment. This control includes both artificial radioactivity level and that of natural radioactivity and must be performed on a regular basis through periodic campaigns of field measurements and sampling followed by a deferred analysis at the laboratory. This work focuses on the radiological monitoring of the environment within a radius of 10 km around the CENM site sheltering TRIGA-II nuclear research reactor. Indeed, various natural samples like river water, sea water, grass and reeds; soil, sediments and sand; milk and aerosols were analyzed by gamma spectrometry and gross alpha/beta counting. Analytical work requires a specific sample preparation protocol and energy and efficiency calibration in order determine the specific activity of detected radionuclides. The results obtained showed that the main detections were of natural radionuclides such as: 40K, 7Be; 228Ac, 212Pb and 212Bi; 214Bi and 214Pb of the and 235U. A very low artificial activity of 137Cs was detected. It could be due to fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests in the past and nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl. A comparison with previous results of the same sites showed a regular variation of the activity of natural radioelement in all samples.

[en] Full text: Stable isotopes have been routinely used as valuable tools to study the hydrogeological systems and groundwater contamination processes. In other to evaluate groundwater contamination by a landfill leachate plume, hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies were carried out in groundwater around the site. Groundwaters were characterized by high levels of bicarbonates and lesser extent of sulfates, indicating the large amount of carbon dioxide produced by the biodegradation of organic wastes under anoxic environments. Polluted waters have significantly higher levels of dissolved ions than the groundwater aquifer. The Wellslocated in down gradient ofthe landfill andin the direction ofgroundwater floware moreenriched in deuteriumrelative to otherwells,indicatingintenseisotopic reactions with methanegasesproduced bybiodegradation oforganic wastes.Demonstratinggroundwater contaminationbyleachatesplumes. The alkalinityis positively correlatedwiththe isotopic compositionsof deuterium andoxygen-18 in water samples collected fromthestudy area.The isotopic signatureof contaminated watershows a strongenrichmentinD,indicating methane viacarbon dioxide reduction. This study shows thatstable isotopescan be used aspowerful tracers to trace subsurface migration of leachate plumes andmap with precision thepollutionfront.