No abstract available

[en] Energy of the lowest collective states and the electromagnetic transitions between them are studied theoretically for even-even nuclei in the radium region. Quadrupole- and octupole-transition probabilities B(E2) and B(E3) are considered. The energy as well as the probabilities are found to be sensitive functions of the shape of the collective potential energy of a nucleus. 12 refs., 5 figs. (author)

[en] Certain modifications of production technology have been introduced with the aim of meeting growing demands to minimize the difference between the actual and the nominal activities of ²²⁶Ra calibration standards. The reliable filling of sources by centrifugation (the so-called wet route) also suitable for the smallest inner diameters has been introduced. The sorption of ²²⁶Ra on a ceramic sorbent has been tested for the production of the smallest standards with nominal contents of 1 and 10 μg. (author). 3 refs

[en] Short communication

[en] Based on the dietary composition and results of some nutrients obtained from the second Nationwide Nutrition Survey in 1982, as well as recently published element contents in various Chinese food, the resultant dietary intake of 19 kinds of elements and 17 radionuclides for Chinese public (mainly for male adults) were estimated. This estimation might be used as basis for development of Chinese Reference Man and estimation of the public background exposure

[en] Abstract only

[en] It discusses the adsorption of radium by carbonaceous slate studied by the static adsorption method. The best conditions for the adsorption are equilibrium time 23 hours, solid to liquid ratio m/v 1:20 g x ml^-1, pH 7.8, and temperature 30 deg C. The adsorption at low concentration can be described well by Freundlich isotherm. (author) 6 refs.; 5 figs.; 5 tabs

[en] Two procedures for sampling the surface layer (0 to 15 centimeters) of radium-contaminated soil are recommended for use in remedial action projects. Both procedures adhere to the philosophy that soil samples should have constant geometry and constant volume in order to ensure uniformity. In the first procedure, a ''cookie cutter'' fashioned from pipe or steel plate, is driven to the desired depth by means of a slide hammer, and the sample extracted as a core or plug. The second procedure requires use of a template to outline the sampling area, from which the sample is obtained using a trowel or spoon. Sampling to the desired depth must then be performed incrementally. Selection of one procedure over the other is governed primarily by soil conditions, the cookie cutter being effective in nongravelly soils, and the template procedure appropriate for use in both gravelly and nongravelly soils. In any event, a minimum sample volume of 1000 cubic centimeters is recommended. The step-by-step procedures are accompanied by a description of the minimum requirements for sample documentation. Transport of the soil samples from the field is then addressed in a discussion of the federal regulations for shipping radioactive materials. Interpretation of those regulations, particularly in light of their application to remedial action soil-sampling programs, is provided in the form of guidance and suggested procedures. Due to the complex nature of the regulations, however, there is no guarantee that our interpretations of them are complete or entirely accurate. Preparation of soil samples for radium-226 analysis by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy is described

[en] Comparison of the ²²⁶Ra ingestion permitted by a radiation protection system that limits dose equivalent, with that permitted by the ICRP system and by the ICRP system modified through the use of the Norris retention function in place of the ICRP alkaline earth model, shows that the total ingested activity and the total committed dose equivalent to bone-surface tissues are approximately the same under the three protection systems when exposure occurs at the maximum permissible level for 50 y. Under the dose-equivalent-limitation system, annual ingestion decreases from 451 kBq during the first year to 36 kBq during the fiftieth year. The total ingestion equals 3.45 MBq. Annual committed dose equivalent decreases from 3.6 Sv during the first year to 0.3 Sv during the fiftieth year. The total committed dose equivalent equals 27 Sv. Under the ICRP system and its modified version, the annual limits on intake are constant with time at 70 kBq and 63 kBq, respectively. The total intakes are 3.50 MBq and 3.15 MBq. The annual committed dose equivalent is also constant with time at 0.5 Sv for both versions. The total committed dose equivalent is 25 Sv. These results suggest that a pure dose equivalent limitation system similar to that which has evolved at U.S. defense-related facilities permits lifetime exposures similar to those permitted by a committed dose limitation system for radionuclides of intermediate effective half-life. Lifetime cancer risk for the maximally-exposed individual may be greater under the dose equivalent-limitation system due to the more rapid increase in committed dose equivalent which occurs with time compared to the increase under the ICRP system or its modified version

[en] A new operating standard for ²²⁶Ra mass unit consisting of 25 gamma-radiation sources of radium-226 is described. 18 of them are native and 7 sources are made in Czechoslovakia. Operating standard also comprises a comparator device with 4π ionization chamber