[en] This work involve deals with experimental part, deals with methods and the ways used in the synthesis of 3- aryl phthalides startingfrom phthalal aldehydic acid and many phenoles and anisols containing electron with drawing groups such as (CO2H, COR, CHO, NO2), and some of the reactions that started with compounds prepared previously. (15 tabs., 12 figs., 47 refs.)

[en] Concerns over the adverse reproductive outcomes in human have been raised, more evidence including the underlying mechanism are required. Since extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is an important physiological step during early development, the effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the bioactive metabolite of DEHP, on EVT invasion were investigated using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers and cell line HTR-8/SVneo. In the transwell-based invasive assay, MEHP exposure inhibited EVT invasion as judged by decreased invasion index. Further analysis showed that MEHP exposure significantly inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is an important positive regulator of EVT invasion. Meanwhile, the protein levels of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), one key negative regulator of EVT invasion, were upregulated by MEHP treatment. Finally, inactivation of PPARγ pathway by either PPARγ inhibitors or PPARγ shRNA knockdown rescued the MEHP-induced inhibited invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, which is accompanied by the recovery of inhibited MMP-9 expression. The present study provides the evidence that MEHP exposure inhibits trophoblast invasion via PPARγ at concentrations comparable to those found in humans, which provides an insight in understanding the mechanisms of DEHP-associated early pregnancy loss. - Highlights: • MEHP inhibits HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion. • MEHP exposure imbalanced the expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. • This effect of MEHP is mediated via the PPARγ pathway.

[en] A faster, simpler and sensitive method was developed for determination of aliphatic phthalates using differential pulse polarography (DPP) as standard technique. The choice and concentration of base electrolyte, solvent, initial potential, effect of water addition and interference by other phthalates were the main parameters to optimize for enhancement of peak current and to obtain well-defined polarograms with lower background current using 1.3 x 10/sup -4/ M di-butyl phthalate (DBP) solution. Best results were obtained in the presence of tetra methyl ammonium bromide (TMAB) as electrolyte in methanol solvent with initial potential, -1.4 V. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 3 x 10/sup -7/ - 1.6 x 10/sup -4/ M DBP solution as aliphatic phthalates with lower detection limit of 5.9 x 10/sup -8/ M and linear regression coefficient of 0.9987. The developed polarographic method was successfully applied for analysis of aliphatic phthalates in various samples of locally available polymer products such as baby toys, nipples, teethers, infusion blood bags and shopping bags. The results of the current method were compared with those obtained by a reported method and good agreement was found between them. (author)

[en] Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are environmental contaminants that may affect early embryonic development.

[en] Highlights: • TOTM and DEHT were the dominant alternative plasticizers in the sedimentary environment. • Proximity to industrial complexes was crucial for sedimentary distribution of plasticizers. • Clear increasing trends in phthalates and alternative plasticizers were observed over time. • Industrialization and population were major factors affecting plasticizer contamination. • Sedimentary DEHP levels may pose adverse health effects for benthic organisms. Domestic and global regulations on phthalates have led to the introduction of non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs) in industrial markets as alternative plasticizers. In this study, phthalates and NPPs from surface and core sediment samples taken from industrialized bays in Korea were measured to determine their distribution, contamination sources, historical records, and the ecological risks they posed. Phthalates and alternative plasticizers were detected in all surface samples and sediment cores, indicating ubiquitous contamination. Predominant phthalates were di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DEHT) and tris(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TOTM) were the most common NPPs. The total concentrations of phthalates and NPPs ranged from 76.3 to 59,400 ng/g dry weight and 95%) exceeded quality guidelines for DEHP, implying a potential risk for benthic organisms. This is the first report on historical trends of phthalates and alternative plasticizers.

[en] As its widely opening and easy performance, Modbus communication protocol has a great advantage in field bus using. Details are given on a method to implement Modbus communication protocol based on MCS51 system, and the advantage of uVision integrated environment. The design realizes Modbus RTU mode communication, meanwhile the problem of synchronization in communication is solved. And float-point operation and display are achieved by format print. All of this are carried out under uVision integrated environment. The result approves that the response ratio of Modbus communication is 100%. The design shows the advantage of uVision integrated environment and MCS51 system. And also gives solution to the occasion where communication interface and low cost are required. (authors)

[en] Our design of supramolecular porous architectures (SPAs) follows a bimolecular approach. Proton amine derivatives (typically poly-pyridines) and anionic metal complexes (e.g. M(oxalate)₃^3-), which act as H-bond donors, [D-H]^{y +}, and acceptors, [A]^x-, respectively, are joined by strong ionic H-bonds. This approach leads to hybrid crystalline edifices characterised by permanent porosity, large pore size (1 nm) and remarkable thermal and chemical stability. Robust and reliable supramolecular synthons allow the substituent (R) of organic units to be modified without compromising the topology of the SPA. Thus, isostructural porous edifices whose pore walls are decorated by polar or apolar R groups, or by a mixture of these two R groups, can be developed. These modifications make it possible to adjust the sorption characteristics of the SPA, but also to implement a specific affinity for the guest molecules. SPA can also be used as a reservoir for metals and as a matrix for the controlled growth of inorganic nanocrystals

[en] Highlights: • A new type of shape memory polymer is developed by digital light processing technology to achieve 4D printing. • The correlation of crosslinker concentration and shape memory properties is established. • The printed shape memory polymer parts show desirable shape recovery ratio and durable cycle life. • The shape memory mechanism is comprehensively revealed. -- Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMPs), a type of promising smart materials, are gradually applied into digital light processing (DLP) technology to realize four-dimensional (4D) printing. However, there is still a great lack of shape memory photosensitive resins suitable for DLP. In this work, novel acrylate-based photosensitive resins designed for DLP are prepared to fabricate SMP parts with tert-Butyl acrylate/1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (tBA/HDDA) networks. The influence of crosslinker concentration on the shape memory and mechanical properties is systematically investigated. The results show that the developed SMP with 10 wt% crosslinker can withstand 16 consecutive cycles and retain extremely high shape recovery ratio of 100% even after 14 cycles, the one with 20 wt% crosslinker possesses the best shape fixity ratio of over 96%, and the storage modulus can reach up to 1.48 × 10³ MPa with 50 wt% crosslinker. Furthermore, these 4D printed SMPs only spends 7–13 s in the 180° shape recovery, indicating a good shape recovery rate. This work confirms that the designed SMPs have potential applications in many areas due to their excellent shape memory performance, and provides valuable guidance for the shape memory properties optimization of other SMPs.

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: • Phthalate metabolite concentrations demonstrated U-trend over three trimesters. • The efficiency in metabolizing di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate decreased during pregnancy. • More recent exposure occurred on early and late gestational periods. • Mothers were more susceptive to DEHP in the early stages of pregnancy. • Multiple samples were needed to evaluate phthalate exposure throughout pregnancy. -- Abstract: Maternal exposure to phthalates may cause some adverse health effects on both mother and fetus, but variations of phthalate exposure and metabolism during pregnancy have not been thoroughly characterized. A total of 946 participants were selected from a cohort study conducted in Wuhan between 2014 and 2015 through which they had provided a complete set of urine samples at three trimesters. Eight phthalate metabolites were analyzed in 2838 urine samples. Based on urinary concentrations, various parameters (i.e. phthalate metabolite concentrations, ratios of metabolites of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in DEHP, and percentages of individual metabolites in total phthalates) were compared over three visits. We observed that levels of phthalate metabolites showed a U-shaped trend across three trimesters. The significant variations in the ratios of DEHP metabolites indicated that the efficiency in metabolizing DEHP declined during pregnancy and less recent exposure occurred in mid-pregnancy. The changes of percentages of individual compound in total phthalates suggested the inconsistent pattern over trimesters. This longitudinal study found that the exposure pattern, exposure timing and metabolic susceptibility varied by trimesters, which suggests that urine samples should be collected at multiple time points and mothers should be especially careful in the early pregnancy.