[en] In this paper we investigate the possibility whether, in the extreme limit of high energies and large transverse distances, reggeon field theory might serve as an effective theory of high energy scattering for strong interactions. We analyse the functional renormalization group equations (flow equations) of reggeon field theory and search for fixed points in the space of (local) reggeon field theories. We study in complementary ways the candidate for the scaling solution, investigate its main properties and briefly discuss possible physical interpretations.

[en] Highlights: • Amyloid β oligomers are more toxic than the fibrils and more difficult to target. • One critical interactions which stabilizes the oligomers has been discovered recently. • We have designed a short peptide to target this interaction. • It causes a remarkable change in the ability of the oligomers to attach to lipid bilayers. Small oligomers are the major toxic species in many amyloid related diseases, but they are difficult to characterize and target. Here we construct tetra-peptides FXFX (X = F/K), designed to exploit cation-π, π-π and hydrophobic interactions to disrupt the critical F19-L34 contact recently found in Aβ₄₀ oligomers. FRFR accelerates Aβ₄₀ aggregation, and strongly inhibits its binding to lipid membranes, which is important in the context of toxicity. FKFK lacks both of these effects, which correlates with the weaker interaction of K with aromatic residues. Thus it appears possible to tune specific contacts in the oligomer and effectively change its properties.

[en] We study the possibility that hot Jupiters (HJs) are formed through the secular gravitational interactions between two planets in eccentric orbits with relatively low mutual inclinations ($\lesssim <!--\; ???\; -->20{}^{\circ <!--\; ???\; -->}$) and friction due to tides raised on the planet by the host star. We term this migration mechanism Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration (CHEM) because, like disk migration, it allows for migration to occur on the same plane in which the planets formed. CHEM can operate from the following typical initial configurations: (i) the inner planet in a circular orbit and the outer planet with an eccentricity $\gtrsim <!--\; ???\; -->0.67$ for $m_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}/m_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}{(a_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}/a_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}})}^{1/2}\lesssim <!--\; ???\; -->0.3$; (ii) two eccentric ($\gtrsim <!--\; ???\; -->0.5$) orbits for $m_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}/m_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}{(a_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}/a_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}})}^{1/2}\lesssim <!--\; ???\; -->0.16$. A population synthesis study of hierarchical systems of two giant planets using the observed eccentricity distribution of giant planets shows that CHEM produces HJs with low stellar obliquities ($\lesssim <!--\; ???\; -->30{}^{\circ <!--\; ???\; -->}$), with a semi-major axis distribution that matches the observations, and at a rate that can account for their observed occurrence. A different mechanism is needed to create large obliquity HJs, either a different migration channel or a mechanism that tilts the star or the protoplanetary disk. CHEM predicts that HJs should have distant ($a\gtrsim <!--\; ???\; -->5$ AU) and massive (most likely ∼1–3 times more massive than the HJ) companions with relatively low mutual inclinations ($\lesssim <!--\; ???\; -->20{}^{\circ <!--\; ???\; -->}$) and moderately high eccentricities ($e\sim <!--\; ???\; -->0.2-<!--\; ???\; -->0.5$).

[en] Nutrients from a flowering plant are shared by its pollinators, giving rise to competition in the latter. Such exploitative competition of pollinators can limit their abundance and affect the global organization of the mutualistic partnership in the plant-pollinator mutualistic community. Here we investigate the effects of the exploitative competition between pollinators on the structure and the species abundance of the mutualistic networks which evolve by changing mutualistic partnership towards higher abundance of species. Simulations show different emergent network characteristics between plants and animals; hub plants connected to many pollinators are very rare while a few super-hub pollinators appear with the exploitative competition included, in contrast to equally many hubs of both types without the exploitative competition. More interestingly, the abundance of plant species increases with increasing the exploitative competition strength. We analyze the inverse of the generalized interaction matrix in the weak-interaction limit to identify the leading structural factors relevant to the species abundance, which are shown to be instrumental in optimizing the network structure to increase the mutualistic benefit and lower the cost of exploitative competition. (paper: biological modelling and information)

[en] The radiation of terahertz waves is considered when two counterpropagating laser pulses with different frequencies interact in a rarefied plasma. The spectral, angular, and energy characteristics of terahertz radiation are investigated as a function of the frequency difference between laser pulses. It was shown that in the emission spectrum to the line at the doubled plasma frequency a maximum near the plasma frequency is added, which arises due to the frequency difference between the laser pulses. The total energy of the terahertz signal was calculated and a condition was found under which the emission at the plasma frequency prevails

[en] The development of worldwide rare isotope facilities is opening a fantastic scene for the nuclei of atoms. This not only deepens our understanding of the structure of matter, but also promotes the development of the theories for quantum many-body systems with strong correlations. It is interesting that a seemingly 'macro' concept, shape, is very helpful for us to understand the structure and properties of Fermi-scale quantum many-body systems. This paper introduces the symmetry and breaking mechanism of a quantum many-body system with strong interactions, illustrates various nuclear exotic shapes, and discusses the relevant physical pictures and the latest research progress. (author)

[en] We study the dynamics of the non-classical correlations for few atom systems in the presence of strong interactions for a number of recently developed adiabatic state preparation protocols. We show that entanglement can be created in a controlled fashion and can be attributed to two distinct sources, the atom–atom interaction and the distribution of atoms among different traps. (author)

[en] In this paper, we investigate the dynamics and transfer of multipartite entanglement via concurrence and three-tangle in a double and a triple Tavis–Cummings model (TCM). The results are compared with those of the double and triple Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). We find that the dynamics and transfer of multipartite entanglement are dependent only on the initial entanglement type itself and not on model type for the double and triple TCM. For the triple TCM and the triple JCM we find that entanglement of a different type from the initial entanglement is created. Our work will further enrich the previous results for the JCM and the TCM. (paper)

[en] Rejuvenation of a naturally aged Zr_64.13Cu_15.75Ni_10.12Al₁₀ bulk metallic glass (BMG) can be achieved by laterally elastostatic pre-loading. The serration flow of the rejuvenated BMG shows a bimodal fashion, in which smaller serrations and larger serrations emerge alternately. Both coarse and a large number of fine shear bands, with strong interactions among themselves, coexist in the rejuvenated BMG. More pronounced β relaxation of the rejuvenated BMG indicates that the bimodal patterns of serration flows and shear bands can be attributed to elastostatically induced a more heterogeneous structure.

[en] The recent theoretical and experimental studies show that the Breit interaction plays a dominant role in the dielectronic recombination for some particular transitions. The detailed mechanism of why the Breit interaction is dominant for such a process is still unknown. In this work, we performed a simulation and decomposed each individual term in the transition matrix level and found that the Breit interaction is dominant when the leading term ($1/r_{><!--\; >\; -->}$ with $r_{><!--\; >\; -->}$ the larger of r₁ and r₂) contribution of the two-electron Coulomb interaction is vanished. Based on this mechanism, we explained why the dielectronic capture strength to $1\mathrm{s}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}_{1/2}{J}_d=1$ state is much stronger than the one to $1\mathrm{s}2\mathrm{s}2{\mathrm{p}}_{1/2}^2{J}_d=1$ as well as why the Breit interaction plays a dominant role in the anisotropic parameters. Furthermore, the present finding may guide us to search some physical processes in which the Breit interaction is dominant by simply analyzing the coupling coefficients for a given isoelectronic sequence. (paper)