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[en] Mixtures of alginate and hydroxyapatite (HA) are promising materials for biomedical applications such as the fabrication of tissue scaffolds. In this paper, the flow behavior of alginate/HA mixtures was investigated and determined to be dependent on the concentration of both alginate and HA, and temperature. The relationships were mathematically established and verified with experimental results. As applied to the tissue scaffold fabrication, the flow rate of the biomaterial solution was predicted from the established flow behavior and verified by experiments. On this basis, the moving speed of the needle was determined and used in the tissue scaffold fabrication. The results obtained show that the knowledge of the flow behavior is essential to the fabrication of tissue scaffolds with an interconnected microstructure.

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[en] In this research, hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-size powder was synthesized using wet chemical precipitation technique under atmospheric pressure where calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and ortho-phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) were used as precursors. Distilled water was used as a diluting media for the reaction and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to control the initial pH. The initial pH values, reaction temperature and calcined temperature play an important role in the morphology on HA as well as the phase formation and degree of crystallinity. Nano HA powder has been studied at different initial pH value which is between 9.00 to 11.00, reaction temperature from 80 to 100 degree Celsius and calcined temperature at 700 to 800 degree Celsius. The optimum initial pH value was found at pH 10.00, reaction temperature at 100 degree Celsius and calcined temperature was at 800 degree Celsius. The crystallographic properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM). The Design Expert version 9.0.2 with statistical and graphical analysis of the result, by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to optimize variable in the process of synthesis of HA. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) that has been perform, calcined temperature was to be influential variables on mass of HA with value of probability less than 0.05. (author)