[en] Highlights: • A portable and cost-effective wireless single-electrode system for ECL detection is developed. • It avoids the background interference from driving electrode in conventional bipolar ECL. • Wireless power transfer technique is employed in this approach to avoid the complicated electrical connections. • Visual detection of H₂O₂ is realized using a smart phone. -- Abstract: A wireless single-electrode electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system is for the first time designed by coupling single-electrode ECL system with wireless energy transfer. It consists of a wireless energy transfer module, a single-electrode ECL system and a diode. The electric current in this system is supplied through the wireless energy transfer and then rectified by the diode. The potential difference is induced by the resistance of ITO of the single-electrode ECL system, which leads to the ECL reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide. With this system, linear range of hydrogen peroxide from 1 to 150 μM is obtained by photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector with a detection limit of 0.26 μM. Moreover, visual detection was carried out using a smart phone as detector. And the linear range of hydrogen peroxide was from 10 to 100 μM. Because of its advantages like low cost, high sensitivity and portability, this wireless single-electrode system has great potential for the applications in on-site detection, drug screening and point of care testing.

[en] Chemiluminescence has appealed significant attention in multidisciplinary diagnostic research fields and revealed various encouraging applications due to its unique selective and sensitive nature. This paper provides a comprehensive review about the principles of flow injection analysis (FIA) and the important parameters regarding the technique. The ideology of chemiluminescence (CL), luminol (Lu) as a CL reagent and its applications in basic medium (liquid-phase) when coupled with FIA as a diagnostic tool in diverse fields of analytical chemistry have been described. The data of 107 papers, which appeared in the literature from 2013 to present (up to our access) for the determination of vital analytes in diverse sample matrices in terms of chemical reaction, sample matrix, analyte, dynamic linear range, limits of detection, sample throughput and coefficient of determination is presented in the tables. The reactions based on FILu-CL involved in mechanistic and chemical studies of medically important substances have also been reviewed. The use of nanotechnology has improved the analytical and diagnostic characteristics of FI-CL strategies by improving the detection limits and further advancements are expected in future with the discovery of new synthetic nano-particles. (author)

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[en] In this research, an ultrasensitive, rapid and novel flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) strategy has been validated for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ). It was found that the CL intensity of the luminol-hydrogen peroxide system could be enhanced sharply by Jacobsen's catalyst in alkaline solution and the joining of HQ was found to restrain the CL signal of the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction catalyzed by the Jacobsen's catalyst, which made it possible for the determination of HQ. Possible mechanism and series of instrumental and chemical arguments were discussed in detail. Under the selected experimental conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear with the concentration of HQ ranging from 6.0×10⁻¹⁰ to 1.0×10⁻⁸ g/mL. The detection limit, at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (3σ), was 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ g/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 2.0×10⁻⁹ g/mL HQ was 2.7% (n=11). The presented CL methodology has been applied for the determination of HQ in water samples with satisfactory results. -- Highlights: ●Jacobsen's catalyst could enhance the CL of luminol-H₂O₂ system in NaOH. ●The possible enhancement mechanism was investigated. ●Detection of hydroquinone in water samples

[en] We report here one-pot green synthetic method for preparing popcorn-like Au@Polyluminol nanoflowers by using the HAuCl₄ to directly oxidize luminol at a specific controlled mass ratio of HAuCl₄: luminol in hydrothermal conditions for the first time. The Au@Polyluminol nanoflowers were attached to the surface of a GCE electrode to form a highly solid-state electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor, which exhibited strong and stable ECL intensity, showed excellent ECL behavior. Further, the as-prepared Au@Polyluminol nanoflowers could also be used for the immobilization of uricase on an electrode surface to fabricate a sensitive solid-state Uric Acid ECL biosensor, which indicate that the Au@Polyluminol nanoflowers is a promising candidate for constructing various sensitive solid-state ECL sensors and promoting the application in electroanalytical and biochemical analysis.

[en] Highlights: • Tripropylamine has been exploited as new efficient coreactant of luminol. • Sensitive detection of both luminol and tripropylamine is achieved. • Tripropylamine is better in terms of stability, sensitivity, and linear range. • Tripropylamine is an attractive alternative to H_2O_2 for luminol ECL bioanalysis. - Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is a dominating coreactant of most luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) studies though it is unstable and sensitive to many metal ions. Tripropylamine is an eminent coreactant of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium ECL. In comparison with H_2O_2_, tripropylamine is much more stable. In this study, tripropylamine has been exploited as a new coreactant of luminol ECL for the first time. The emission spectrum reveals that the ECL peak was aroused by excited 3-aminophthalate. Under optimized conditions, a biphasic linear relationship is obtained between the ECL intensities and luminol concentrations in the presence of 10 mM tripropylamine over the range of 1.0 × 10"−"1"1 −1.0 × 10"−"7 M and 1.0 × 10"−"7 −1.0 × 10"−"4 M with a detection limit of 6.9 × 10"−"1"2 M. The detection of tripropylamine showed a linear relationship between ECL intensities and tripropylamine concentrations in the range of 1.0 × 10"−"6 to 1.0 × 10"−"2 M with a detection limit of 7.7 × 10"−"7 M. Compared to luminol-H_2O_2 ECL, luminol-tripropylamine ECL system displays not only high stability but also high sensitivity. Hence, it shows great potential in many fields including immunoassay or non-immunoassay diagnostic, clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis in the future.

[en] The resonance energy transfer between chemiluminescence donor (luminol-H₂O₂ system) and quantum dots (QDs, emission at 593 nm) acceptors (CRET) was investigated. The resonance energy transfer efficiencies were compared while the oil soluble QDs, water soluble QDs (modified with thioglycolate) and QD-HRP conjugates were used as acceptor. The fluorescence of QD can be observed in the three cases, indicating that the CRET occurs while QD acceptor in different status was used. The highest CRET efficiency (10.7%) was obtained in the case of oil soluble QDs, and the lowest CRET efficiency (2.7%) was observed in the QD-HRP conjugates case. This result is coincident with the quantum yields of the acceptors (18.3% and 0.4%). The same result was observed in another similar set of experiment, in which the amphiphilic polymer modified QDs (emission at 675 nm) were used. It suggests that the quantum yield of the QD in different status is the crucial factor to the CRET efficiency. Furthermore, the multiplexed CRET between luminol donor and three different sizes QD acceptors was observed simultaneously. This work will offer useful support for improving the CRET studies based on quantum dots

[en] The authors previously developed a flow injection type hydrogen peroxide detection system based on chemical photoluminescence spectroscopy. This system has the lowest detectable limit of 0.3 ppb. The relationships between the hydrogen peroxide concentration and luminous intensity were expressed as a linear function and a quadratic function of the H₂O₂ concentration. In the present study, the chemiluminescence processes were theoretically evaluated by analyzing the chain radical reactions to confirm the effect of major parameters on the chemiluminescent intensity and to understand the complex relationship between H₂O₂ concentration and luminous intensity. Then delay in luminescence was empirically analyzed by calculating diffusion of chemical species in the sample water and mixed reagent solution. The calculated results showed dependencies of the chemiluminescent intensity on luminol concentration and pH of the mixed reagent were mainly determined by a balance between OH radical concentration and luminol concentration. Furthermore the presence of O₂^- radicals in the mixed reagent might explain the linear relation between chemiluminescent intensity and H₂O₂ concentration at low values. (author)

[en] Highlights: • The Au-TAN was firstly used in luminescent systems of luminol and H₂O₂. • Au-TAN exhibited superior performance towards sensors. • The working environment was optimized for extending the range of application. • An aptasensor for sensitive and seletive detection of acetamiprid. In this work, an ultrasensitive and selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor with Au-tetrahedral aptamer nanostructure (Au-TAN) for acetamiprid detection was developed, which employed luminescence property of luminol and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a co-reactant to apply the prepared Au-TAN to the luminescence systems. Au-TAN was prepared to modify an electrode surface via an Au-S bond to form a stable tetrahedral nanostructure. Fixed on the surface of the working electrode, Au-TAN could not only enhance the function of the aptamer but also boost the sensing performance. At the same time, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) of the Au-TAN could also catalyze H₂O₂, thereby enhancing the luminescence performance of this aptasensor. The pH of the buffer solution, the concentration of H₂O₂ and the concentration of Au-TAN were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the aptasensor had a detection limit of 0.0576 pM (S/N = 3), which was lower than those of other aptasensors for acetamiprid detection. Moreover, the weak alkaline environment explored in the experiment could expand its application range. Above all, the proposed method presented a high accuracy and sensitivity.