[en] As an introduction to the subject I propose not to offer one or other specific method, but rather to discuss general questions such as the need for method, its objective and the relationship between the model, the methodology and the objective. Method is defined as a special form of procedure especially in any branch of mental activity, and methodology as an orderly arrangement of ideas. This is an English definition. I like it, as it is important to get the ideas right before embarking on a lengthy exercise on paper. It is possible to embark on an exercise of risk comparisons over selected ranges of energy and risk, and to a varying degree of precision or depth, i.e. first, second or third order of ranking. The study might start by listing the energy systems; the system phases; the estimation sequence; parties at risk; types of consequences; methods of estimating probability and consequences - the selected criteria and types of risk evaluation and produce a chart. Some exercises have taken a sample selection under the various headings

[en] Conclusions: MMRs and SMRs are ideal in size to electrify many rural/under-electrified communities. Energy security - Reduced dependence on supply chains; Energy sustainability – Reduced GHG emissions; - Energy growth – provision of reliable, high-quantity electricity.

[en] With the increasingly serious problem of energy shortage, new EV (hereinafter referred to as EV) research has become an important research field, which can help alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. New EV is a way based on electric energy as the power source, which is a kind of vehicle with motor as the core. Therefore, the performance of the motor is directly related to the operating efficiency, which requires us to test the motor. Therefore, this paper designs an automatic test method, which can simulate the running time and load of new EVs, which can better ensure the stability under different working conditions. With the development of computer, can bus technology has been applied to various industries, especially in the automotive field. Firstly, this paper analyzes the CAN bus technology of new EVs. Then, this paper analyzes the motor model and file ion battery model. Finally, this paper puts forward the motor test scheme. (paper)

[en] The statement 2000 of WEC (World Energy Council) is an extremely important document, committed to overcoming the energy shortage where it is found, pointing out, from one hand, the importance of quality and safety in the energy supply, and, from the other hand, the necessity of minimizing the impact of energy development on the environment and mankind health

[en] Shortages of rigs and personnel have encouraged discussion of designing incentive contracts in the drilling sector. However, for the drilling contracts, there are not a large variety of contract types in use. This article describes and analyses incentives for drilling contractors. These are directly represented by the compensation formats utilised in the present and in the consecutive drilling contracts. Indirectly, incentives are also provided by the evaluation criteria that oil companies use for awarding drilling assignments. Changes in contract format pose a number of relevant questions relating to resource management, and the article takes an in-depth look at some of these. Do evaluation criteria for awarding drilling assignments encourage the development of new technology and solutions? How will a stronger focus on drilling efficiency influence reservoir utilisation?

[en] Major projection studies by international organizations and senior analysts have been compared with reference to individual key parameters (population, energy demand/supply, resources, technology, emissions and global warming) to understand trends and implications of the different scenarios. Then, looking at the long term (i.e., 2050 and beyond), parameters and trends have been compared together to understand and quantify whether and when possible crisis or market turbulence might occur due to shortage of resources or environmental problems

[en] With the environmental pollution, energy shortage, the environment on the traditional fuel car carrying capacity is becoming smaller and smaller, and the new energy car in life is becoming more and more important. This paper mainly describes the classification of new energy vehicles as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and puts forward the corresponding improvement methods. (paper)

[en] Highlights: • Virtual energy transferred from energy-scarce to energy-abundant provinces in China increased. • Changes in flow pattern of China’s virtual energy network since the financial crisis were revealed. • Most provinces had more distant virtual energy trade than nearby virtual energy trade. • Virtual energy flowing from west China to east China was greater than physical energy through the WTEETP. -- Abstract: Energy is one of the most fundamental resources for humans and nature. Virtual energy transfer is considered one potential mechanism to alleviate energy shortages and support socioeconomic development in energy-scarce regions. However, little research has explored the change in flow pattern of national virtual energy trade since the 2008 global financial crisis. To fill this knowledge gap, we choose China’s interprovincial virtual energy transfer network as a demonstration, since China is the world's biggest energy consumer and features a starkly uneven spatial distribution of energy resources. Surprisingly, the total virtual energy transferred from energy-scarce to energy-abundant provinces increased from 43.2% to 47.5% from 2007 to 2012. In particular, the virtual oil which transferred from energy-scarce to energy-abundant provinces grew from 51.5% in 2007 to 54.0% in 2012. The percentage of provinces that transferred a greater amount of total virtual energy than was consumed internally increased from 23.3% in 2007 to 36.7% in 2012. Unexpectedly, the total virtual energy flowing from west China to east China was much greater than physical energy transferred through the West-To-East Electricity Transmission Project (WTEETP). This study suggests that it would be interesting to study patterns of interactions of virtual energy networks in other countries.

[en] Risk is a poorly defined term and is commonly used in at least two quite different ways. I shall use risk in a qualitative way to mean the combination of the likelihood and consequences of possible events and I shall express likelihood as the probability or the probability per year of an event occurring and I shall define the consequences of the event as necessary. Risk assessment is then the process of assessing the numerical values of the probabilities and the consequences. It contains no element of social or economic judgment. However, the use of risk assessments must also take account of the way in which people react to real or imagined risks. It is unrealistic to expect that governments and regulatory bodies will take actions wholly on the quantitative assessment of risks they will also have to take account of people's reactions to and perceptions of risk

[en] Supply power for important load in priority is the fundamental principle during power shortage. For the reason that the existing power load classification principle is too simple to compare the importance degree of loads at the same level, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation method of load importance degree. First, an indicator system is established to measure load importance. Then a comprehensive evaluation model is designed basing on improved rank correlation analysis method, which sets weights based on subject and object analysis and calculates the importance degree value according 4 indicators, including outage cost. Finally, evaluating the distribution network reliability with load importance degree. Simulation results on IEEE-RBTS BUS6 system shows the validity and practicality. (paper)