[en] The 8 coumarin derivatives have been synthesized from 8 starting materials(2-hydroxy-benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzophenone, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-4'-dimethoxybenzophenone) with phenylacetic acid and Ac₂O/TEA in acetone at reflux temperature. The ratio of o-hydroxybenzophenone, phenylacetic acid, Ac₂O and TEA is 1:1:8:8 in acetone. Our results showed higher products yields of coumarin derivatives than Shama and Ray's method in previous papers. A new intermediate form was proposed to our mechanism of coumarin synthetic method

[en] For the purpose of development of effective synthetic process of CHMI, a series of experiments were preformed on the preparation of CHMAIE, the intermediate of CHMI. For the first step, CHMA was synthesized by dropwise mixing of cyclohexylamine with maleic anhydride in toluene and 98.2% of theoretical CHMA was obtained by precipitation at 10 .deg. C for 2 hours. The optimum reaction temperature of the esterification, preparation reaction of CHAMIE from CHMA, was 68 .deg. C, and equilibrium conversion at optimum temperature was 98.5%. Equilibrium reaction time decreased with reaction temperature, and 4 hours was taken to reach equilibrium at optimum reaction temperature. Toluene in the final reaction product could be recovered by vacuum distillation. The recovery of toluene was increased with distillation temperature and 98% of toluene could be recovered at 55 .deg. C

[en] A regioselective synthesis of pyridines by the addition of malonate anions to pyridine N-oxide derivatives, which have been activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, is reported. The reaction selectively affords either 2- or 4-substituted pyridines in good yields. Graphical abstract: .

No abstract available

[en] This book introduces overseas chemical industry, which deals with General chemistry on economic view in the world and prospect and current situation over chemical industry, organic chemistry material on production and demand such as petrochemistry, Energy Supply, Ethylene, Propylene, BTX, Ethylene glycol, Acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Vinyl Acetate Monomer, PVA, Acrylonitrile, Acrylic esters, Propylene oxide, Propylene Glycol, PPG, Phenol, Acetone, Isopropyl Alcohol, Butanol, Octanol, Methanol, Formalin, Caprolactam Cyclohexane, PTA/DMT, Polyisocyanate, MEK/MIBK, 1.4-BG/THF, Phthalic anhydride and Maleic Anhydride.

[en] In this first report it is described the synthesis, separation and purification of the 2-radioiodinated histamine- I-labelled histamine by a mixed anhydride reaction. About 75% incorporation of I^-125, from Na¹25I, was achieved with a molecular ratio of 1:1 mixed anhydride:histamine. The radiochemical purity of the conjugate by TLC was > 99% and its theoretical specific activity, 3850 μCi/μg. Dissolved in ethanol and held at -20 degree centigree under darkness decomposition on storage didn't exceed 1% per month. (Author) 13 refs

[en] The soluble NTPDase1 from L. pneumophila was crystallized in six crystal forms and the structure was solved using a sulfur SAD approach. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a large class of nucleotidases that hydrolyze the (γ/β)- and (β/α)-anhydride bonds of nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates, respectively. NTPDases are found throughout the eukaryotic domain. In addition, a very small number of members can be found in bacteria, most of which live as parasites of eukaryotic hosts. NTPDases of intracellular and extracellular parasites are emerging as important regulators for the survival of the parasite. To deepen the knowledge of the structure and function of this enzyme class, recombinant production of the NTPDase1 from the bacterium Legionella pneumophila has been established. The protein could be crystallized in six crystal forms, of which one has been described previously. The crystals diffracted to resolutions of between 1.4 and 2.5 Å. Experimental phases determined by a sulfur SAD experiment using an orthorhombic crystal form produced an interpretable electron-density map

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] The effect of incorporating thermoplastic rubber on the dynamic mechanical properties, storage and loss moduli, of virgin and recycled glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 has been investigated in this study. Styrene-Ethylene-Styrene and Ethylene-Propylene grafted with maleic anhydride were used as elastomers for toughening. Dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were examined by the rotational rhometry. Shear storage and loss moduli of recycled and virgin materials were measured against frequency. Also the variation of storage modulus of the virgin composites was measured against temperatures by conducting a series of torsion tests. Both dynamic storage and loss moduli of the composites were found to increase with increasing glass fiber and rubber contents. Recycled composites had lower values of dynamic modulus compared that of virgin composites; however by proper combining of fiber and rubber into the recycled material, its modulus fairly matches that of the virgin material. Addition of rubber to virgin composites causes a reduction in G' as temperature increases. Rubber, which acts as a stress concentrator, had a major effect on minimizing the overall modulus of the composites. The in G' versus temperature has been observed for all composites: however the temperature at which the transition G' occurs decreases with increasing rubber content. (author)