[en] The experimental set-up, methods and results on the synthesis and identification of the new isotope ₁₀₇²⁶⁵Bh are presented. The new isotope was produced by the complete fusion-evaporation reaction of ²⁴³Am with 135 MeV ²⁶Mg bombardment at the Sector Focus Cyclotron of Heavy Ion Research Facility Lanzhou. The reaction products were transported and collected using helium-jet technique and a set of rotating wheel system. the identification of the new isotope was made by observing of correlated α-particle decays chain between the new isotope ²⁶⁵Bh and its ²⁶¹Db and ²⁵⁷Lr daughters. A total of 8 correlated decay events of ²⁶⁵Bh and 4 decay events of ²⁶⁴Bh were observed. The new nuclide ²⁶⁵Bh has a half-life of 0.94_-0.31^+0.70s and decays by alpha-particle emission with decay energy of E_α=(9.24 ± 0.05) MeV. The half-life and α decay energy of ²⁶⁵Bh from this experiment are consistent with theoretical predictions. (authors)

[en] The review briefly considers the problems of synthesis and chemical identification of superheavy elements. The specific features of their properties are determined by the relativistic effects. The synthesis and chemical investigations into bohrium and element 112 are discussed as examples.

[en] Absorber element with compound absorber has been operating in WWER-1000 power units since 1995. AE design meets operating organizations requirements for reliability, service life (to 10 years) and safety functions. Extension of AE service life up to 20 - 30 years by the complex of calculation and experimental work is an important problem of WWER new designs development. The paper deals with the issues related to calculation determination of main factors that influence AE service life limitation - neutron flux and fluence onto absorbing and structural materials during extended service life. (Authors)

[en] First investigations of chemical properties of bohrium (Z = 107) and hassium (Z = 108) showed an expected behaviour as ordinary members of groups 7 and 8 of the periodic table. Two attempts to study element 112 yielded some indication for a behaviour like a very volatile noble metal. However, a very recent experiment to confirm this preliminary observation failed. Two examples are described how chemical studies may help to support element discovery claims from purely physics experiments. The two examples are the discovery claims of the elements 112 and 115, respectively, where the progenies hassium and dubnium were chemically identified. (orig.)

[en] Recent experiments are reviewed which used on-line isothermal gas chromatography techniques for studying chemical properties of transactinide elements. Elements 106 (Sg) and 107(Bh) could assigned to groups 6 and 7 of the Periodic Table. The chemical characterization of elements 108 (Hs) and 112 has been prepared. A first attempt to chemically identify element 112 has been unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the chemical isolation of transactinide elements with Z>107 appears feasible. It could also serve to confirm the discovery of SHE decaying to nuclides which have previously been unknown

[en] The author presents in detail the elements of the seventh subgroup (manganese group). He shows that the elements of this group, with the exception of manganese, are chemically usually relatively inert and show regular gradations of their properties. Thus, from manganese to rhenium density, melting and boiling points increase, but the reactivity decreases. Manganese is found as a constituent of very hard steels, technetium is used as a radiotherapeutic agent, manganese dioxide is needed in electric batteries, potassium permanganate as a disinfectant and rhenium as a component of fatigue-free alloys for turbine blades. Technetium was the first element that could only be synthesized for the first time. Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's shell and only manganese is still relatively abundant at 850 ppm. Bohrium, the heaviest element in the group, is also only accessible through artificial processes (nuclear fusion).

[en] The excitation function for production of ²⁶²Bh in the odd-Z-projectile reaction ²⁰⁸Pb(⁵⁵Mn, n) has been measured at three projectile energies using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron. In total, 33 decay chains originating from ²⁶²Bh and 2 decay chains originating from ²⁶¹Bh were observed. The measured decay properties are in good agreement with previous reports. The maximum cross section of 540_-150⁺¹⁸⁰ pb is observed at a lab-frame center-of-target energy of 264.0 MeV and is more than five times larger than that expected based on previously reported results for production of ²⁶²Bh in the analogous even-Z-projectile reaction ²⁰⁹Bi(⁵⁴Cr, n). Our results indicate that the optimum beam energy in one-neutron-out heavy-ion fusion reactions can be estimated simply using the optimum energy rule proposed by SwiaPtecki, Siwek-Wilczynska, and Wilczynski

[en] Analyzation of alpha decay properties and identification of Island of Stability has illuminated the theories of nuclear physics. This fundamental scientific research is the current ongoing work in the field of super heavy elements. In order to study the decay properties of super heavy elements a realistic model called as Cubic plus Yukawa plus Exponential (CYE) model is used here. This model uses a cubic potential in the pre-scission region connected by Coulomb plus Yukawa plus Exponential potential in the post scission region

[en] Any heavy nucleus has a tendency to dissociate into a dinuclear system, made of core and cluster, having a definite Coulomb barrier and a definite internal energy. This allows a new description of fusion reactions, in which the excitation energy of the compound nucleus is made two parts, an intrinsic and an extrinsic excitation energy. For example, the yield of ²⁶²Bh formed in two different reactions depends on the intrinsic excitation energy of the compact compound nucleus ²⁶³Bh; the maximal yrast level obtainable in the gamma-deexcitation of two different levels of a nucleus formed at two different projectile energies can be the same, since it depends only on the intrinsic excitation energy after particle evaporation. The case of a negative affinity of dissociation will be discussed. Entrance-channel effects depend on intrinsic properties of the compound nucleus. Bohr's model of the compound nucleus must be reviewed: this revision is necessary for understanding the synthesis of superheavy elements. (orig.)

[en] The success of theoretical and experimental study of fermium (Z=100) enlightened authors to perform further investigation of heavy elements. The authors studied some low-lying absorption spectroscopy and the resonant absorption probability of bohrium (Z=107) by using MCDF method which included the correlation effects and relativistic effects systematically. The authors hope the results will be useful for the further experiments