[en] A prospective and descriptive study was performed in a sample of 176 eyes from 100 patients, who had been operated on from cataract with phacoemulsiphication using Pre Chop technique in the Ocular Microsurgery Service of 'Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology'. The effective position of their intraocular lens diagnosed by ultrasonic biomicroscopy in the phacoemulsiphication and their relationship to the post surgery refractive surprise was determined

[en] Refers frequency of cystoid macular edema diagnosed with optical coherence tomography in patients operated on from senile cataract at 'Ramon Pando Ferrer' Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period from December 2006 to February 2007

[en] Background: Cataract surgery has become one of the most common surgeries in the world with one in every four surgeries performed being a cataract extraction and the numbers are expected to increase by 16 percent in the USA alone by 2024 as compared to the current statistics. The aim of the study is to analyze the visual outcomes of intraocular lens implants for various visual ranges. Methods: This non-comparative interventional study was conducted at the Ophthalmology department of Al Ehsan Eye Hospital from Jan to Dec 2021. It included patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implant and analysis of the visual outcomes for uncorrected distance (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate distance (UIVA), and uncorrected near distance (UNVA). Results: Independent sample t-test was applied to observe the mean values of recorded far vision on the 1stday, 1 week, and 1 month after the trifocal intraocular lens implantation. It showed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.00 on 1st day, 1 week, and 1 month after was 0.3±0.1, 0.17±0.09, and 0.14±0.08 respectively. Mean improvement in near vision after 1 month was N6 with S.D 1.03 and in intermediate vision was N8±1.4 respectively. Conclusion: Trifocal Intraocular lens implantation offers an improved vision for near, intermediate, and distant visual ranges without the need for correction. (author)

[en] This article to evaluate the characteristics of the ocular anterior segment in the primary angle closure and the effectiveness of peripheral laser iridotomy for its treatment

[en] Highlights: • Severity and onset time of the cataract phenotypes in Foxe3 mutant mice were modified by the genetic background of mouse inbred strains. • We confirmed that the rd1 mutation of Pde6b is a susceptible modifier for cataractogenesis of Foxe3 mutant mice by creating congenic and BAC transgenic mice. • PDE6B protein is expressed in the lens, but the localization is different from that of the FOXE3 protein. • The severe cataract phenotype of SJL/J-Foxe3 mutant mice is developed from the additive effects of multiple mutations. The Foxe3^rct mutation, which causes early-onset cataracts, is a recessive mutation found in SJL/J mice. A previous study reported that cataract phenotypes are modified by the genetic background of mouse inbred strains and that the Pde6b^rd1 mutation, which induced degeneration of the photoreceptor cells, is a strong candidate genetic modifier to accelerate the severity of cataractogenesis of Foxe3^rct mice. We created congenic mice by transferring a genomic region including the Foxe3^rct mutation to the B6 genetic background, which does not carry the Pde6b^rd1 mutation. In the congenic mice, the cataract phenotypes became remarkably mild, and the development of cataracts was suppressed for a long time. Moreover, we created transgenic mice by injecting BAC clones including the wild-type Pde6b gene into the eggs of SJL-Foxe3^rct mice. Although the resistant effect for cataract phenotypes in transgenic mice was less than that in congenic mice, the severity and onset time of cataract phenotypes were clearly improved and delayed, respectively, compared with the phenotypes of the original SJL-Foxe3^rct mice. These results clearly show that the development of early-onset cataracts requires at least two mutant alleles of Foxe3^rct and Pde6b^rd1, and another modifier associated with the severity of cataract phenotypes in Foxe3^rct mice underlies the genetic backgrounds in mice.

[en] To determine the mean axial length and biometric measures in patients undergoing cataract surgery and further compare the variability of axial length between the gender and with age. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Unit I, Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from January 2010 to December 2012. Methodology: All patients referred for cataract surgery were assessed. The study included 886 eyes which were straightforward cataract cases with no other ocular problem. The data was collected for axial length, keratometric values and Intra-Ocular Lens (IOL) power prior to cataract surgery. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS version 19 for windows software. Results: Gender based comparison showed significant difference in age, axial length, keratometric values and IOL power between the two groups (p=0.000). 86% of the eyes had an axial length between 21.00 mm and 23.99 mm. In univariate analysis there was significant (p=0.000) relation between overall age and axial length. The keratometric values ranged between 36.75 D and 52.50 D. Majority of the IOL powers ranged between 20.00 D and 23.00 D. Conclusion: The mean axial length of patients undergoing cataract surgery was 22.96 +- 1.04 mm, was comparable to Indian and Chinese population but shorter than the Western population. Females had shorter axial lengths, similar to other studies. Axial length was positively associated with age among the females, the cause of which is yet to be determined. (author)

[en] Objective: The optical coherence tomography (OCT) model of macular edema in postoperative cataract patients is constructed by using convolutional neural network (CNN) U-Net, and its value is evaluated by relevant indicators. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2023, 200 binocular OCT images of 140 patients with macular edema after cataract surgery and 280 images of normal subjects in our hospital were included as data sets. They were randomly divided into a training set (70%) and validation set (30%). Res-SE U-Net was used to construct an automatic recognition model of macular edema in OCT images of patients after cataract surgery. The model was evaluated by the change of loss function and accuracy, and by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The segmentation efficacy between the U-Net model and its enhanced counterpart, Res-SE U-Net, was assessed in this study. Notably, the Dice coefficient for macular edema segmentation exhibited substantial improvement with the Res-SE U-Net model, reaching 0.96 compared to 0.90 for the conventional U-Net model. Additionally, evaluation based on the intersection over union (IoU) coefficient revealed a superiority of the ResSE U-Net model with a coefficient of 0.79, in contrast to 0.76 for the U-Net model. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) analysis further supported the enhanced performance of the Res-SE U-Net model. The AUC values were determined as 0.837 for the Res-SE U-Net model and 0.811 for the U-Net model. Conclusion: The Res-SE U-Net model of convolutional neural network based on OCT images can effectively identify and segment macular edema in patients after phacoemulsification

[en] Purpose: the implantable contact lens (ICL^TM, STAAR Surgical), a posterior chamber phakic IOL, provides an effective refraction correction among high myopic and hypermetropic patients. However, the cause of cataract formation in some of these patients is still unclear. Mechanical contact between the ICL and the crystalline lens and inadequate aqueous circulation in the prelenticular space may cause subcapsular opacification. To get a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cataract formation after ICL implantation the distance changes between the ICL and the crystalline lens under different conditions were investigated. Methods: in an open pilot study, 13 eyes of 11 myopic and 2 hyperopic patients with a mean age of 38 years (range: 19 to 53 years) were examined at least 6 months after ICL implantation. Using a non-invasive, high resolution biometry technique, partial coherence interferometry (PCI), which has unprecedented precision in the micrometer region, distance changes between the ICL and the crystalline lens were measured during subjective accommodation, after topical application of pilocarpine and under photopic conditions. Results: without accommodation the mean distance between the ICL and the crystalline lens was 457 μm (range: 123-924 μm). During subjective accommodation a significant and after topical application of pilocarpine a non-significant decrease of anterior chamber depth (ACD) was accompanied with a non-significant reduction of the ICL-crystalline lens distance. Under photopic conditions a significant mean reduction of the ICL-crystalline lens distance of -28 μm (range: -16 to -188 μm) was observed. Conclusion: with PCI biometry, no significant changes between the ICL and the crystalline lens were detected during subjective accommodation and after application of pilocarpine. However, under photopic conditions, with miosis of the pupil, the distance ICL-crystalline lens was significantly reduced. This mechanism may eventually cause inadequate aqueous circulation in the prelenticular space, resulting in subcapsular opacification in some of the cases after ICL implantation. (author)

[en] We report the case of a 68-year-old man who presented to our outpatient clinic for routine examination. Fifteen months before, he had undergone combined cataract and idiopathic full-thickness macular hole surgery in his right eye at another institution. In the present evaluation, the best-corrected visual acuity in his right eye was counting fingers. Fundus examination evidenced an idiopathic full-thickness macular hole in that eye, which was confirmed on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. A new surgery was offered, but the patient declined. Twenty-one months after his first consultation with us (36 months after the surgery), spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed spontaneous closure of the idiopathic full thickness macular hole, with a gap at the foveal ellipsoid zone. At the final visit, 22 months after the closure of the idiopathic full-thickness macular hole, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, and the gap at the ellipsoid zone had decreased. (author)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the effect of intracameral dexamethasone on corneal endothelium. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Layton Rehmatulla Benevolent Trust Eye Hospital, Lahore, from May 2011 to January 2012. Methodology: Study subjects were adults of either gender with senile cataract who underwent phacoemulsification. They were divided in two groups, each had 110 patients. Group-A received subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone (2 mg/0.5 ml) at the end of surgery while group-B received intracameral injection of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/0.1 ml) at the end of surgery. Endothelial cell count was performed by specular microscopy pre-operatively and postoperatively at first week, first month and three months. Outcome measures included changes in endothelial cell count. Results were compared using t-test for means. Results: There were 55 (50%) males and 55 (50%) females in group-A and 44 (40%) males and 66 (60%) females in group-B. In group-A, there were 66 (60%) right and 44 (40%) left eyes while group-B had 62 (56.36%) right and 48 (43.63%) left eyes. Mean age in group-A was 55.17 A +- 5.93 years and 54.87 A +- 5.55 years in group-B. Mean phacoemulsification time in group-A was 1.92 A +- 0.63 minutes and 1.82 A +- 0.54 minutes in group-B. After 3 months, in group-A, there was 7.55 A +- 1.19% endothelial cell loss while in group-B, there was 7.63 A +- 1.10% endothelial cell loss. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.614). Conclusion: Use of intracameral dexamethasone at the end of cataract surgery is safe for corneal endothelium. (author)