[en] Reaction of some soybean mutant lines to natural rust fungus caused by (Phakopsora pachyrhizi SYD). Eleven soybean mutant lines of orba variety derived from gamma fungus disease in the wet season 1985/86 at the experimental station of Citayam, Bogor. Based on IWGSR rating system, soybean mutant lines No 18/Psj was moderately resistant to rust fungus disease. The other mutant lines, 14/PsJ, 15/PsJ, 19/PsJ, 20/PsJ, 106/PsJ, 102/PsJ, 111/PsJ, 118/PsJ, 119/PsJ and 220/PsJ were susceptible. (author). 11 refs

[en] Six banana clones with varying levels of resistance were inoculated with conidial suspension of races 1 and 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). Chitinase activity in the corm and root tissues was monitored before and after infection to relate with the field resistance or susceptibility of banana cultivars. Resistant clones showed high constitutive chitinase activity in roots and a rapid response to infection. The results suggest that chitinase could be considered as part of a complex mechanism leading to disease resistance. (author)

[en] Fifteen mutant lines from the variety ICTA-Virginia and fifteen from the variety Precozicta were evaluated according to their agronomic characteristics under conditions of the Motagua river valley during 1992. The objective was to select genotypes showing resistance to disease caused by Pyricularia grisea. The analysis of variance did not show significative differences among ICTA-Virginia mutants. The highest yield was form MV-860, 8.17 TM/ha and the lowest 5.31 TM/ha for MV-411. Significant differences were found among mutant lines from Precozicta. The highest yields were 6.06, 5.80 and 5.52 TM/ha for MPI-1189, MPI-1664 and MPI-1346 respectively. Inoculation with Pyricularia was made spraying it over the crop. However, it was not possible the evaluation of the disease in the neck (neck blast) due to absence of the pathogen. 5 tabs.(Author)

[en] To assess the effect of regional anesthesia on the outcome of elbow arteriovenous fistula (AVF), prospectively studied consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease referred for permanent vascular access to the Vascular Unit of King Fahd University Hospital between September 2004 and September 2007. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: patients who underwent the construction of the AVF under regional anesthesia and Group 2: patients who were operated under general anesthesia, indicated by their preferences or failure of regional anesthesia. Data including patient characteristics and type of AVF were recorded. The internal diameter of the vein and the artery and intra-operative blood flow were measured. The complications of both types of anesthesia were recorded. The patients were followed up for three months. Eighty four cases were recruited in this study. Complete brachial plexus block was achieved in 57 (68%) patients. Seven patients were converted to general anesthesia and 20 patients had AVF under general anesthesia from the start. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to basic characteristics or operative data. There were no instances of systemic toxicity, hematomas, or nerve injury from the regional block. No major complications were reported from the general anesthesia. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding early failure of AVF (Group 1, 14% vs. Group2; 11%. P= 0.80). No significant advantage of regional over general anesthesia in terms of early outcome of AVF was seen in this study (Author).

[en] Highlights: • Using the method of Virus-induced gene silencing verified the function of the SLNLC1gene. • DAB and NBT staining was applied to microscopic observation the production of H₂O₂ or O₂-. • TB and AB staining was used for detecting the accumulation of lignin or callose. In a previous study, when resistant tomato plants (cv. Motelle) carrying the Sm gene were challenged with S. lycopersici, the SLNLC1 gene was significantly upregulated. In this study, to verify the function of the SLNLC1 gene response to disease resistance against S. lycopersici, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to downregulate the expression level of the SLNLC1 gene in resistant tomato plants inoculated with S. lycopersici. After inoculation with S. lycopersici, a susceptible phenotype was observed in the silenced SLNLC1-resistant plants. Through microscopy, impaired hypersensitive response (HR) and decreased ROS accumulation were also observed in the silenced SLNLC1 plants. In addition, the production of lignin and callose were decreased in the silenced SLNLC1 plants. Taken together, these results indicated that silencing the SLNLC1 gene attenuated the resistance of tomato plants resistant to S. lycopersici.

[en] The objective of this work is to develop resistance to root-knot nematodes in tomato by induction, selection and utilization of the newly created resistant strains. Seeds of two varieties of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum L., namely Amcopack and Supermarmande, were subjected to various doses of gamma rays ranging from 10 Krads to 40 Krads in an effort to gain resistance to Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood, the prevalent species of nematodes in Lebanon. The variety Supermarmande seemed not to be affected by irradiation while Amcopack gained some resistance with a corresponding increase in the dose of radiation. The data suggest that in a variety like Amcopack, irradiation may stimulate resistance while in others like Supermarmande, susceptibility is not reduced with a corresponding increase of dosage. Those alterations in reaction within varieties may be due to genetic differences which allow some varieties to acquire resistance to nematodes when exposed to certain dosages, while others to suffer seriously due to sensitivity. (author)

[en] Little is known about the nature of foamy virus (FV) receptor molecules on target cells and their interaction with the viral glycoproteins. Similar to other viruses, cellular expression of the FV Env protein is sufficient to induce resistance to exogenous FV, a phenomenon called superinfection resistance (SIR). In this study we define determinants of the FV Env protein essential for mediating SIR. FV Env requires the extracellular domains of the SU and the TM subunits as well as membrane anchorage, efficient cell surface transport, and most probably correct subunit processing. This is in contrast to murine leukemia virus where secreted proteins comprising the receptor-binding domain in SU are sufficient to induce SIR. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cellular expression of the prototype FV envelope proteins induces SIR against pseudotypes with glycoproteins of other FV species, including of simian, feline, bovine, and equine origin. This implies that all of them use the same receptor molecules for viral entry

No abstract available

[en] Greenhouse tests are reported in which components of a relative resistance of wheat to Puccinia striiformis were evaluated. Decrease in sporulation on the flag leaves correlated well to smaller yield reductions as measured in field tests. On the basis of further greenhouse and field experiments, tolerance of spring barley cultivars against Erysiphe graminis was calculated by means of a 'tolerance-quotient'. (author)

[en] In order to obtain ideal new germplasm of early indica rice with top spikelet cluster, 12 new germplasms of conventional early indica rice with stable traits and 2-5 panicles of a cluster in apical spikelet are bred by a cross between a conventional mid-season rice mutant with 3 panicles of a cluster in apical spikelet and an early indica rice, ZC1, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongjiazao 10, Jiaxing 06-6, Wen 814, Wen 922, Taizao 10-02, Fu 017, Z10-08, Zhongjiazao 06 and NZ07-51 weve used as parents in this study. Then, through the identification of leaf blast resistance, growth period, yield, agronomic and panicle traits and rice quality, the germplasms were characterized. The results showed that the 12 new early indica rice germplasms with top spikelet cluster had high clustered grain rate, suitable growth period and high seed setting rate. Among 12 germplasms, C1, C8, C9, C10 and C11 are glutinous rice, and the rest are waxy rice. The leaf blast resistance of C3 and C12 are better, and the 1000 grain weight of C1, C2, C4, C8, C9 and C11 are above 26.0 g. The yields of C1, C5 C6, C7, C9, C10, C11 and C12 are more obvious than the control, and C10 has a potentiality of higher yield. The results of this study provide germplasm resources and technical support for research and breeding utilization of clustered spikelet trait. (authors)