[en] Since the end of 1997 the price for oil decreased sharply. The economic impact is positive for the European economy. However, for the Netherlands it also means that the income for the Dutch government decreases as a result of lower natural gas benefits

[en] Highlights: • A multidimensional measure of energy poverty in China is constructed. • Both affordability and accessibility of modern energy form are incorporated. • Household level data from the China Family Panel Studies is used for empirical analysis • Significant negative impact on health from energy poverty is confirmed. -- Abstract: Inability or insufficient access to modern forms of energy is an important issue in development, which makes the notion of energy poverty a widely discussed topic. A consensus has been reached that energy poverty has serious health, education, and other socio-economic impacts for people in a country. However, measurements of energy poverty have generally been absent or inaccurate, especially for developing countries at the micro level. This paper begins with the multidimensional nature of energy poverty and uses household-level survey data in China to construct a quantitative measure of energy poverty, covering both affordability of and accessibility to a broad range of forms of energy. It then builds an econometric model to address empirically how much energy poverty affects health. A statistically significant and robust negative impact on health from energy poverty is confirmed. Our results have important policy relevance in terms of understanding the current status quo of energy poverty in China and its consequences. The concept can also be expanded to investigate similar issues in other developing countries.

[en] This academic poster is a brief introduction to the price fluctuation of the housing market of Shanghai. Shanghai, which is situated on the southeastern coast of China, is one of the most developed cities in China in terms of economy and social status and the financial center in mainland China. The soaring housing price in this city is attributed to a large extent to its enormous influence and, of course, the Matthew effect.

[en] Spray drying plays a crucial role in the processing of pharmaceutical products such as pills, capsules, and tablets as it is used to convert drug containing liquids into dried powdered forms. Nano spray drying is in particular used to improve drug formulation by encapsulating active ingredients in polymeric wall materials for protection and delivering the drugs to the right place and time in the body. The nano spray dryer developed in the recent years extends the spectrum of produced powder particles to the submicron- and nanoscale with very narrow size distributions and sample quantities in the milligram scale at high product yields. This enables the economical use of expensive active pharmaceutical ingredients and pure drugs. The present paper explains the concept of nano spray drying and discusses the influence of the main process parameters on the final powder properties like particle size, Morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Application results of nano spray drying for the formulation and encapsulation of different drugs are reviewed. (Author)

[en] Nuclear energy appears to be a main asset to France in the context of the worldwide economic slump. Nuclear power provides a cheap electricity that spares the buying power of households and increases the competitiveness of French enterprises. Nuclear industry with major companies like EDF, AREVA and CEA and 450 small and medium-sized enterprises, represents a core resistant to industrial decline. Nuclear industry is a good provider of work and globally it represents 2% of all the jobs in France. Concerning the trade balance, nuclear power plays twice; first by exporting equipment and services for a value of 7 billions euros a year and secondly by sparing the cost of energy imports that would be necessary if nuclear power was not here which is estimated to 20 billions euros a year. (A.C.)

[en] Since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008 and the bursting of the real state bubble in Spain, there has been an increase in potential for the renovation of pre-existing housing as an urban model in contrast to the previous model of city expansion and development. On the other hand, the regulations and policies in addition to the beginning of the real state crisis look for a re-structuring of the construction sector as a way of economic recuperation.

[en] During the last decade, our country Ecuador has gone through a several period of time in which the economy was affected by a recession, which means that this topic has been the focus of controversial publications related to real estate crisis.

[en] Currently in Spain there are more than 20 ''Data Banks''or ''Databases''with prices for construction, from which you can obtain parameters such as prices and yields for the realization of work budgets. These precedents are applicable for a specific autonomous community or geographical area, in some cases there is more than one ''Database''to which to go to obtain said values. The study is carried out for the autonomous communities of Castilla la Mancha, Madrid, Castilla y León, the Balearic Islands and Catalonia, using the databases; ''Price center'', ''PREOC'', ''ICCI'', ''ITEC'', ''COOAT''and CYPE Ingenieros, as appropriate, the article is based on a new work with 5,000 m2 built, according to the databases updated to 2017.

[en] Nowadays the construction sector is recovering after the crisis in Spain. This recovery has led banks to finance property development again but with demanding and prudent conditions when they extend credits. In 2017, project approval for new residential buildings were 73.560, which show an increase of 15.7% over the last year (63.553).

[en] In February 2009, a 2 day workshop was held in Washington, D.C. to discuss risks and opportunities pertaining to possible oil futures. This paper, presented during the workshop, aims at assessing the impact that nationalization of oil would have on the world. A quadrilateral projection process and model were used to develop the different potential scenarios. This study demonstrated that nationalization of oil reserves can lead to a destabilizing effect at the local, regional and global levels. This technical memorandum points out the possibility of increasing nationalization of oil resources as a political means to shape the behavior of import dependent countries. This report demonstrated that nationalization of oil resources may lead to a reduction in energy security and tensions between states; however solutions exist to mitigate these issues.