[en] Highlights: • Methodology for international comparison of truck electrification potential developed. • Electric trucks may cover 71% of tonne-kilometers in Switzerland, but 38% in Finland. • Electrification potential varies considerably between commodities. • Electric trucks increase annual electricity consumption by only 1–3%. • Electric trucks have large impact on local grids near charging stations. -- Abstract: Development of battery technology is making battery electric heavy duty trucks technically and commercially viable and several manufacturers have introduced battery electric trucks recently. However, the national and sectoral differences in freight transport operations affect the viability of electric trucks. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology for estimating the potential of electric trucks and demonstrate the results in Switzerland and Finland. Commodity-level analysis of the continuous road freight survey data were carried out in both countries. As much as 71% of Swiss road freight transport tonne-kilometers may be electrified using battery electric trucks but Finland has very limited potential of 35%, due to the use of long and heavy truck-trailer combinations. Within both countries the electrification potential varies considerably between commodities, although in Finland more so than in Switzerland. Commodities which are constrained by payload volume rather than weight and are to large extent carried using medium duty or <26t rigid trucks trucks seem to provide high potential for electrification even with the current technology. Electric trucks increase the annual electricity consumption by only 1–3%, but truck charging is likely to have a large impact on local grids near logistics centres and rest stations along major roads. A spatial analysis by routing the trips reported in the datasets used in this study should be carried out. Future research should also include comparison between the alternate ways of electrifying road freight transport, i.e. batteries with charging, batteries with battery swapping and electrified road systems.

[en] Topics covered in this issue include scientific investigations of waste disposal in salt at WIPP, long-life lithium power cells, breakthroughs in factoring, and large-scale melt facility to aid reactor safety studies. Abstracts of individual items were prepared separately for the data base

[en] This document describes qualification methods for Class 1E lead storage batteries and racks to be used in nuclear power generating stations outside of primary containment. Qualification required in ANSI/IEEE Std 279-1979 and IEEE Std 308-1978, can be demonstrated by using the procedures provided in this Standard in accordance with IEEE Std 323-1974. Battery sizing, maintenance, capacity testing, installation, charging equipment and consideration of other types batteries are beyond the scope of this Standard

[en] Three batteries were operated in parallel from a common bus during charge and discharge. SMM utilized NASA Standard 20AH cells and batteries, and LANDSAT-D NASA 50AH cells and batteries of a similar design. Each battery consisted of 22 series connected cells providing the nominal 28V bus. The three batteries were charged in parallel using the voltage limit/current taper mode wherein the voltage limit was temperature compensated. Discharge occurred on the demand of the spacecraft instruments and electronics. Both flights were planned for three to five year missions. The series/parallel configuration of cells and batteries for the 3-5 yr mission required a well controlled product with built-in reliability and uniformity. Examples of how component, cell and battery selection methods affect the uniformity of the series/parallel operation of the batteries both in testing and in flight are given

No abstract available

[en] Topics covered in the conference include: energy storage and other applications; electrode materials and intercalated compounds; diffusion; ionic conductivity techniques; neutron scattering and diffraction techniques; beta aluminas; deuterium and NH₄; NASICON and other sodium ion conductors; lithium ion conductors; silver and copper ion conductors; anion conductors; and high conductivity glasses. Thirty-five individual items were prepared separately for the data base

[en] This article highlights the work being carried out at the University of Lille by the team led by Christophe Lethien (IEMN) and Pascal Roussel (UCCS) to meet this energy challenge. The aim of these research activities is to develop innovative solutions to make miniature connected objects energy self-sufficient. By combining expertise from a number of fields, including micro-electronics and materials chemistry, the team is working on the integration of micro-sources of energy that draw power directly from the energy resources present in their immediate environment. These miniaturised storage micro-sources enable the energy recovered to be stored and managed efficiently, guaranteeing a continuous and reliable power supply for connected sensors. The research being carried out at the University of Lille demonstrates the scientific community's ongoing commitment to finding innovative solutions to the energy challenges posed by the rise of the Internet of Things. These advances are playing, and will continue to play, a key role in creating a future where miniature connected objects can operate autonomously, facilitating their seamless integration into our daily lives and opening up new opportunities for technological innovation

[en] Hand-held dental x-ray system is a self contained x-ray machine designed to perform intraoral radiography with one or two hands. The issue about its usage as general dental radiography is still in dispute. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the amount of battery charge and the tube voltage in different hand-held dental x-ray systems. Seven hand-held dental x-ray units were used for the study. Tube voltage was measured with Unfors ThinX RAD (Unfors Instruments AB, Billdal, Sweden) for 3 consecutive exposures at the different amount of battery charge of each unit. The average and the deviation percentage of measured kV from indicated kV of each unit were calculated. Tube voltage of only 1 unit was 70 kV (indicated by manufacturer) and those of the others were 60 kV. Tube voltage deviation percentage from the indicated kV at the fully charged battery was from 2.5% to -5.5% and from -0.8% to -10.0% at the lowest charged battery. Tube voltages of all units decreased as the residual amount of the battery charge decreased. It is suggested that the performance test for hand-held x-ray system should be performed for the minimum residual charged battery as well as the full charged one. Persistent battery charging is suggested to maintain the proper tube voltage of the hand-held portable x-ray system.

No abstract available

[en] In February, 1992, the six ASEAN member nations agreed to reduce tariffs and thus, eventually, to create an ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) over 15 years. AFTA will lead to more competition in the high-growth ASEAN battery domestic market. Already about ten companies from four countries export both to markets that are rigorous in quality (e.g., the USA and Australia) and to heavily discounted markets, e.g., the Middle East. To date, however, these manufacturers rarely sell to other Asean markets outside their home country. AFTA should also encourage manufacturers of battery equipment, mould making, separators, battery electricals, and testing equipment to locate their facilities in an Asean country. Technology and productivity is high and wages are reasonable in ASEAN nations and with AFTA, the markets are larger. Manufacturing complementation programmes will also become an attractive option. (orig.)