[en] Conventional screen stencils are known for having micron scale screen mesh, which restricts definition of the printed pattern, and subsequently, the development of fine line screen printing technology. In contrast, electrospun fiber membranes are characterized by a consistent mesh size, which have the ability to reduce down to hundreds of nanometers. In this study, we produced a screen stencil by combining electrospun PVA/EG fiber membrane with a commercial printing screen stencil. The fiber diameter, porosity, hydrophilicity, and thickness of the PVA/EG fiber membrane were controlled by the ethylene glycol content, crosslinking time, and spinning time. The effects of membrane’s morphology and structure on image definition of printed pattern were investigated. Results showed that the printed pattern depicted the higher definition when the electrospun fiber membrane had the higher porosity (83.67%), smaller fiber diameter (0.1859 μm) and uniform diameter distribution. With respect to hydrophilicity and thickness of membrane, both had stronger influence on the flux of printed paste, the better hydrophilicity and lower thickness membrane were, the darker color and higher definition images obtained. (paper)

[en] MoO₂ nanospheres are successfully synthesized by a simple ethylene glycol-assisted hydrothermal route. The formation process is associated with the dissolution-recrystallization mechanism under the ethylene glycol reduction, resulting in a unique structure of that solid MoO₂ nanospheres assembled by many ultrafine primary nanoparticles. Benefiting from the hierarchical structural features, the MoO₂ nanospheres electrode displays a higher specific capacitance (204.7 and 197.4 Fg⁻¹ at 1 and 6 A g⁻¹, respectively) and exhibits a significant superior cycling stability (the specific capacitance maintains 90.6% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹). (paper)

[en] This paper examines the rheological behavior of water (60%vol.)–ethylene glycol (40%vol.) mixture in the presence of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. At the first, the viscosity of various samples was measured at shear rates ranging from 6.115 to 73.38 s⁻¹ and temperature range of 25–50 °C. Then, using the experimental data, some correlations were proposed to predict the viscosity of the nanofluid. Viscosity measurements at different shear rates revealed that all nanofluid samples were non-Newtonian power law fluid. Findings showed that consistency index increased along with volume fraction, while it decreased with increasing temperature. Moreover, the values of power law index were always less than 1, indicating shear thinning behavior.

[en] Ethylene glycol is known to be good imbiber of water and hence it is used in air sampling for tritium measurements. However, the water collection property of the ethylene glycol is sensitive to the ambient temperature and humidity and it is therefore important to quantify the absorption efficiency for different ambient conditions. Experiments were carried out in a controlled environment (in a walk-in type environmental chamber) by drawing ambient air through a column of ethylene glycol through a bubbling process to absorb the water content present in the air. The study has shown that the collection efficiency decreased by 96.4% to 84.6% when ambient temperature increased from 20° to 36°C. Similarly the collection efficiency decreased from 96.5% to 75.8 % when humidity increased from 45 to 85%. (author)

[en] Highlights: • Preparing F-MWCNTs/EG-water nanofluids by two-step method. • Measuring viscosity of nanofluid samples at various shear rates and temperatures. • Nanofluid samples were non-Newtonian power law fluid with shear thinning behavior. • Correlations were proposed to predict the consistency and power law index. In this paper, the rheological behavior of nano-antifreeze consisting of 50%vol. water, 50%vol. ethylene glycol and different quantities of functionalized double walled carbon nanotubes has been investigated experimentally. Initially, nano-antifreeze samples were prepared with solid volume fractions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1% using two-step method. Then, the dynamic viscosity of the nano-antifreeze samples was measured at different shear rates and temperatures. At this stage, the results showed that base fluid had the Newtonian behavior, while the behavior of all nano-antifreeze samples was non-Newtonian. Since the behavior of the samples was similar to power law model, it was attempted to find the constants of this model including consistency index and power law index. Therefore, using the measured viscosity and shear rates, consistency index and power law index were obtained by curve-fitting method. The obtained values showed that consistency index amplified with increasing volume fraction, while reduced with enhancing temperature. Besides, the obtained values for power law index were less than 1 for all samples which means shear thinning behavior. Lastly, new correlations were suggested to estimate the consistency index and power law index using curve-fitting.

[en] The reduction of BODIPYs and dipyrrins to dipyrromethanes, via a reaction involving ethylene glycol and sodium methoxide, is reported. When benzyl alcohol is used in place of ethylene glycol, the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to the reaction mixture after microwave irradiation results in the production of 1-benzylidene-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone, indicating concomitant production of aldehyde alongside the dipyrromethane. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: • Explore the opportunities and challenges of coal to ethylene glycol (CTEG) development. • Conduct a techno-economic analysis on CTEG compared with oil to ethylene glycol (OTEG). • Analyze the effects of the key factors on the techno-economic performance and competitiveness of CTEG and OTEG. • Suggest approaches for the reduction of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions of CTEG. -- Abstract: Traditional ethylene glycol production is heavily dependent on oil. In the background of richness of coal and scarcity of oil, more and more coal to ethylene glycol (CTEG) plants have been successfully operated to relieve the shortage of ethylene glycol in China. Thus, it is an urgent work to answer the following question: between oil-based and coal-based ethylene glycol routes, which is the better choice? A comparative techno-economic analysis of oil-based and coal-based ethylene glycol processes is conducted to identify the opportunities and challenges of CTEG industry. Results show that CTEG process has prominent advantage in total production cost, which is about 16% lower than that of oil to ethylene glycol (OTEG) process. However, it is criticized by many shortcomings, such as higher energy consumption, lower exergy efficiency, higher total capital investment, and higher CO₂ emissions compared with OTEG process. Facing with these restrictive problems of CTEG process, several possible measures are proposed to improve the technoeconomic performance. In addition, the effects of several key economic parameters on the competitiveness of OTEG and CTEG processes are investigated and compared. Results show that the development of CTEG industry has a cost advantage and is promising due to the abundant reserve and low-price of coal in China. However, it should reduce the energy consumption and emissions before the large-scale development of CTEG industry.

[en] Existence, yield, and properties of solvated electrons in three deep eutectic solvents, reline, ethaline, and glyceline composed of choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and urea, ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly) as hydrogen bond donors, respectively at a molar ratio of 1:2 have been compared. The varied transient absorption spectra of solvated electrons in these DESs have been explained on the basis of polarity, hydrogen bonding effect and the moieties responsible for creating the environment for solvation. The yield and average life time follow the trends in viscosity as well as the reactivity of electrons with the components. The C₃₇ value, a measure of the efficiency of scavenging pre-solvated electrons is the highest in ethaline in case of nitrate ions, which indicates the slowest solvation process in this DES. (author)

[en] Highlights: • Measurement of dynamic viscosity of MgO-MWCNTs/EG nanofluid. • Presenting effects of temperature and hybrid particles volume fraction. • All nanofluid samples exhibited Newtonian behavior at all temperatures considered. • The classical models were unable to predict the dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid. • Suggesting a new correlation to estimate the dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid. In this paper, the effects of temperature and particles concentration on the dynamic viscosity of MgO-MWCNT/ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid is examined. The experiments carried out in the solid volume fraction range of 0 to 1.0% under the temperature ranging from 30 °C to 60 °C. The results showed that the hybrid nanofluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid for all solid volume fractions and temperatures considered. The measurements also indicated that the dynamic viscosity increases with increasing the solid volume fraction and decreases with the temperature rising. The relative viscosity revealed that when the solid volume fraction enhances from 0.1 to 1%, the dynamic viscosity increases up to 168%. Finally, using experimental data, in order to predict the dynamic viscosity of MgO-MWCNT/ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluids, a new correlation has been suggested. The comparisons between the correlation outputs and experimental results showed that the suggested correlation has an acceptable accuracy.