[en] An E1 transitionoperator containing both a one-body and a two-body term is tested for experimental E1 values in Sm and Gd isotopes. (authors)

[en] The 41-cm double-focusing mass spectrometer at the University of Minnesota has been used to measure the atomic masses of ¹⁵²Sm and ¹⁵⁴Sm and the isotopic mass differences of most Sm and Gd isotopes. Through the use of a new generalized error signal technique, measurements on the narrow doublets of Sm and Gd chlorides gave improved mass differences over previous work in this mass region. Where intense peaks were available, the results are consistent with errors of 0.4 to 1.0 μu. The conventional wide doublet technique was used to measured Sm-hydrocarbon doublets, yielding the masses of ¹⁵²Sm and ¹⁵⁴Sm with errors of less than 4 μu. These new mass data, when combined with other mass measurements and reaction data of comparable accuracy, are used in a least-squares mass adjustment in the range of 141 to 160 u

[en] A significant fraction of the beam time used by the GASP array in its first year of operation has been devoted to the study of nuclear superdeformation. This paper focuses on the results obtained in the A = 130-150 region. The main open-quotes resultsclose quotes presented relate to the decay out of the SD bands, to the structure of the highly deformed excited bands identified around A = 130, and to new superdeformed bands in the light Sm and Gd nuclei

[en] Full text of publication follows. A new type of sub-5-nanometer ultra small gadolinium nano-probe has recently been developed by our team for biomedical applications. The AGuIX nanoparticles are composed of a polysiloxane matrix and surrounded by gadolinium chelates covalently grafted at the surface of the inorganic matrix [Ref.1]. They have been injected in healthy animals, they are eliminated by the kidneys and can be detected by four complementary imaging techniques (MRI, scintigraphy, optical imaging and X Ray tomography) [Ref.2]. Despite their small sizes, the nanoparticles are also concentrated in the tumors by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The grafting of cRGDfK on the nanoparticles has been performed thanks to classical carbodiimide chemistry. The grafted nanoparticles present a high affinity (shown by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy) for cells expressing α_vβ_3 integrins in comparison with the same nanoparticles grafted with cRADfK as negative controls. The grafted nanoparticles were also injected in gliosarcoma tumor bearing mice and a higher signal in fluorescence was observed for cRGDfK grafted nanoparticles. Due to the presence of gadolinium (a high Z element), the AGuIX nanoparticles can also be used as radiosensitizer. A high radiosensitizing effect has been observed in vitro using different types of irradiation on radioresistant cells [Ref.3]. Finally the nanoparticles have been injected in 9L gliosarcoma bearing rats, the nanoparticles have been monitored by MRI to determine the best moment for irradiation (i. e. the higher concentration of nanoparticles in the tumor with the lowest concentration in the surrounding healthy tissue). The irradiation by MRT lead to a huge increase of the lifespan of the tumor bearing rats. References: [1] A. Mignot et al. Chem. Eur. J., 2013, DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203003; [2] F. Lux et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 123, 12507-12511; [3] P. Mowat et al., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2011, 11, 7833-7839; [4] G. Le Duc et al., ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 9566. (authors)

[en] Modeling of the complex neutron converters consisting of two foils made from natural Gd and its 157 isotope deposited on supporting kapton layer has been performed. Calculations for 4 fixed neutron energies corresponding to neutron wavelengths of 1, 1.8, 3, 4 A are conducted. The thickness of gadolinium converters was varied from 1 µm to 3 µm and thickness of supporting layer made from kapton is 50 µm. It is shown that at the development of the converters of such geometry it is better to use 157 isotope of Gd with optimal thickness of 1-2 µm. For converters made from natural Gd the thickness of foils should be more than 3 µm. (author)

[en] The authors present a theoretical study of the isotope separation by means of isotopically selective ion cyclotron resonance plasma heating (ICRH). The special attention is devoted to the separation of gadolinium isotopes. The ions are supposed to pass through the device shown on Fig. 1 where they are heated by the full-turn-loop antenna that excites RF field with azimuthal number m = 0. They calculate the distribution function of ions in a plasma stream at the orifice of the device. A satisfactory separation is achieved for the following values of parameters. The length of heating zone ell = 200 cm, initial temperature of plasma stream T_parallel = 5 eV, T_{perpendicular} = 60 eV, the plasma radius a = 10 cm, plasma density n = 10¹² cm^-3, external magnetic field B = 30 kGs. The energy of resonance ions W = 100 divided-by 200 eV. The latter value is achieved if a current in the antenna loops is equal to 60A with full number of loops N = 150. With the specified parameters, the current in the plasma stream is equal to 15 divided-by 20A. Then the production rate equals to 100 kg of Gd¹⁵⁷ per year. Energy of Gd's ions after pass through the heating zone vs. their axial velocity

[en] The excitation functions in proton-induced reactions on natural gadolinium ^natGd(p,xn)¹⁵²,¹⁵³,¹⁵⁴,¹⁵⁶,¹⁶⁰Tb were calculated for terbium isotopes, which are of interest from both scientific and application points of view. The calculations were performed in wide energy range of proton beam from the corresponding thresholds of reactions up to 70 MeV. The calculations were carried out using TALYS 1.96 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Calculations have been done by different models inherent in these codes. The obtained results are compared with published experimental data. The discrepancies between experimental and theoretical data were discussed, which indicates the need to expand the experimental data base in order to improve the theoretical models

[en] Short communication

[en] Evaluated nuclear data files ENDL 78 and ENDF/B-IV and the cross section generation code FEDGROUP-R were used to produce averaged group cross sections for group systems BNAB and THSIG for gadolinium and its isotopes. Different sets of group cross sections for gadolinium (due to different evaluated data files or different processing codes) were compared and significant differences analyzed. The group capture cross sections for the isotopes of gadolinium were compared with published data. The group cross sections data sets prepared are analyzed as to what extent they can meet the requirements of cell calculations for gadolinium-loaded fuel. Some group cross section tables and cross section plots are presented. (author)

[en] We describe implementation of the KALMAN code in the EMPIRE system and present first covariance data generated for Gd and Ir isotopes. A complete set of covariances, in the full energy range, was produced for the chain of 8 Gadolinium isotopes for total, elastic, capture, total inelastic (MT=4), (n,2n), (n,p) and (n,alpha) reactions. Our correlation matrices, based on combination of model calculations and experimental data, are characterized by positive mid-range and negative long-range correlations. They differ from the model-generated covariances that tend to show strong positive long-range correlations and those determined solely from experimental data that result in nearly diagonal matrices. We have studied shapes of correlation matrices obtained in the calculations and interpreted them in terms of the underlying reaction models. An important result of this study is the prediction of narrow energy ranges with extremely small uncertainties for certain reactions (e.g., total and elastic)