[en] Nano powders are powders with particle size less than 100 nanometer. The applications of nano powders are in the production and processing of nano composites, microelectronic, industrial catalysts, coating sintering at low temperature, lubricants, propellants, purification of aqiuos solutions, biomaterials and filtration. In this work, a reactor for production of nano powder using gas phase condensation method was designed and manufactured. By changing the production parameters such as chamber temperature and pressure, evaporation rate, precursor and evaporation time, Silver powders were produced. The characteristics of the produced powders were studied using EDX, SEM and TEM techniques. The results showed that powders with particle size between 2-60 nm can be produced. These powders had spherical shape but they were very aggregated. The particle size increases with chamber pressure and temperature

[en] The results of study of gas formation at the radiation-thermal transformation of bituminous rocks of Kirmaku fields of Azerbaijan are adduced. The studies were carried out under the influence of γ-radiation and accelerated electrons in a wide range of temperatures (20–500°C), absorbed dose (0–260 kGy), and dose rate (1 and 470 Gy/s).The influence of temperature and adsorbed dose on the gas formation rate and content of products has been established. Estimates of technical and economic indicators of the process are given The results of these studies allow us to estimate the potential of the radiation-thermal method for producing oil products for various purposes.

[en] The effects of the destruction of unstable primary carbonate-organic polymers during the investigation of carbonate rocks in a scanning electron microscope are shown. During direct research in the standard mode, specific artifacts arise, i.e., the formation of microvoids of various configurations. The performed studies show the possibility of using these effects as features for identifying the stage of phase transformations in carbonate rocks. This is of great importance for studying the regularities of the secondary catagenetic processes of rock transformation and of the formation of high-molecular bituminous components in gas condensate and oil and gas condensate fields.

[en] Condensate recovery enhancing on offshore gas-condensate fields cannot be realized using the cycling process due to significant financial costs and technical difficulties. Such a problem could be handled by the redistribution of well gas rates. This redistribution assumes the solution the following problem: maximize the total condensate production at a given time interval then gas production requirements are met. The results of solving the problem are functions, each representing the change in the well gas rate over the time. The problem is transformed to the linear optimization model so that the solution algorithms based on the linear programing theory can be applied. Their tests showed, that these algorithms easily find the solution of the optimization problem; and the condensate recovery is greater or equal than the one obtained by the optimization procedures implemented in Eclipse. The search time is an order of magnitude less than the one required by Eclipse. (paper)

[en] OAK-A270 Intrinsic Bioremediation of Gas Condensate Hydrocarbons: Development of A Scientific....

[en] Silicon is the most studied electronic material known to man and dominates the electronics industry in its use as a semiconductors for nearly all integrated electronics. However, optoelectronics is almost entirely based on III-V materials. This technology is used because silicon is a very inefficient light source, whereas the III-V band structure can lend itself to efficient light emission by electron injection. However, due to the overwhelming dominance of silicon based electronics it is still a highly desirable goal to generate light efficiently from silicon based materials. Recently, studies have demonstrated that efficient visible luminescence can be obtained from certain novel forms of silicon. These materials include porous silicon, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and silicon-rich silica (SiO_x x<2). This study examines the visible luminescence from silicon-rich silica fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition and draws the conclusion that the light emission from this material is associated with quantum confinement of silicon nanoclusters and defect luminescence. This study demonstrates that plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition is a suitable technique for producing luminescent silicon-rich silica. Photoluminescence of SiO_x is studied in detail; in addition, electroluminescence and rare-earth doping of silicon-rich silica is also addressed. (author)

[en] This thesis describes the background, motivation and work carried out towards this PhD programme entitled 'Crystalline Silicon Thin Film Growth by ECR Plasma CVD for Solar Cells'. The fundamental principles of silicon solar cells are introduced with a review of silicon thin film and bulk solar cells. The development and prospects for thin film silicon solar cells are described. Some results of a modelling study on thin film single crystalline solar cells are given which has been carried out using a commercially available solar cell simulation package (PC-1D). This is followed by a description of thin film deposition techniques. These include Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and Plasma-Assisted CVD (PACVD). The basic theory and technology of the emerging technique of Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) PACVD, which was used in this research, are introduced and the potential advantages summarised. Some of the basic methods of material and cell characterisation are briefly described, together with the work carried out in this research. The growth by ECR PACVD at temperatures < 700 deg. C of undoped, n-type and p-type crystalline silicon films is discussed in detail. The influence of process parameters such as growth temperature, silane to hydrogen gas ratio, microwave power and gas pressure on film properties, for films grown on silicon and a variety of metal layers, was systematically investigated and is described. The transition from microcrystalline to epitaxial growth was studied. N-type and p-type epitaxial growth was demonstrated at temperatures of ∼470 deg. C and ∼680 deg. C, respectively. Also described is silicon nitride growth at low temperatures (230-500 deg. C) by ECR PACVD. The relations between process parameters (e.g. temperature and silane to nitrogen gas ratio) and film index, growth rate and composition were investigated and are outlined. The application of these films as antireflection coatings (ARC) for thin solar cells is demonstrated. These cells were fabricated on ∼ 15μm thick, p-type base layers epitaxially grown on (100) p+ substrates by conventional CVD. Crystalline, n+ emitter layers were then formed by thermal diffusion of phosphorus or by the ECR PACVD process with phosphine as the doping gas. A description of cell performance as a function of emitter doping and microstructure is given. A conversion efficiency of up to 12.99% was achieved for the diffused emitter structures under 100 mW/cm² illumination. The best efficiency in the ECR grown structures was 13.76% using an epitaxial emitter. Cell performance was analysed in detail and the factors controlling performance identified by fitting self-consistently the fight and dark current-voltage and spectral response data using PC-1D. Finally, the conclusions for this research and suggestions for further work are outlined. (author)

[en] The tracer method has been applied in the investigation of condensate - gas reservoirs, helping to provide important information such as the connection between injection wells and production wells as well as phase saturations. In particular, Perfluorocarbons gas tracers (PFCs) are commonly used because of their outstanding advantages such as stability and environmental friendliness. The partition of PFCs in the gas-condensate phases is characterized by the partition coefficient Kd - the ratio of the PFCs concentrations in condensate and gas phases at equilibrium conditions. This study presents a method for calculating the Kd coefficient of PFCs in hydrocarbon-gas phases based on the parameters such as the equilibrium coefficient of the tracer, the density of the phases and the average molecular mass of the phases. The method was then verified with the measurement data of the partition coefficients of the PFCs at a temperature of 70oC and a pressure range of 1000 - 2000 psi on the fluid collected from the STT condensate - gas reservoir with an error of 10% compared with experimental data. (author)

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No abstract available