[en] The International Symposium on the Production and Neutralization of Negative Hydrogen Ions and Beams is entering its third decade of providing a forum for the H^- ion source community. The first meeting was held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1977 and has returned there every three years to 1995. This is the eighth meeting in this series and for the first time is in Europe, hosted by CEA/Center de Cadarache. Since this Symposium is meeting in Europe many new people have had an opportunity to attend and many of these are of a younger generation. On the 20th anniversary of the First Symposium it seems fitting that a historical review should be given. The Symposium meetings and its archiving of information has been a valuable asset to this community. I hope to briefly describe the early H^- source work and provide some insight into the success of the H^- source effort

[en] The Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) has the objective of verifying much of the technology (physics and engineering) required for producing high-brightness, high-current H^- beams. GTA commissioning is staged to verify the beam dynamics design of each major accelerator component as it is brought on-line. The commissioning stages are the 35-KeV H^- injector, the 2.5-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ); the intertank matching section (IMS), the 3.2-MeV first 2-βλ drift-tube linac (DTL-1) module, the 8.7-MeV 2-βλ DTL (modules 1-5), and the 24-MeV GTA (all 10 DTL modules). Commissioning results from the IMS beam experiments are presented. (Author) 10 refs., 6 figs

[en] This paper describes the present status of the development of high brightness H^-/D^- sources at Culham Laboratory. The performance of the sources is described in terms of the output current, the suppression and trapping of extracted electrons and the beam emittance. Also Langmuir probe data of the plasma are described. (Author) 10 figs., 5 refs

[en] For many years, the Beam Technology Group at Culham Laboratory has investigated the Physics and Technology of high current H^- ion sources. The culmination of this work was an H^- beam of 45mA at 80keV extracted from a single 16mm aperture in a custom designed injector without the use of cesium. Since 1992 they have reconfigured this design to meet the needs of cyclotron users where an injected beam current of ≤ 10mA is adequate to meet present day demands. The paper will summarise the physics of the volume H^- source and describe in detail the technology changes necessary to transform the research device into a simple yet rugged and long life injector. The paper will emphasise the cyclotron acceptance characteristics as well as thermal management of the co extracted electrons and the benefit of good power efficiency in the discharge

[en] The IPNS-I 500 MeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) was commissioned during March of 1977. It was originally designed as an injection energy booster for the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS), as well as a source of high intensity proton beams for neutron production. With the termination of the high intensity operation of the ZGS, the accelerator became a dedicated machine for neutron physics. After a period of tuning and improving accelerator components, the accelerator officially began neutron physics experiments on July 1, 1978. The accelerator has achieved a repetition rate of 15 Hz with beams of 1 x 10¹² protons delivered on target. Operation at 30 Hz is expected soon. A description of the accelerator is presented. Turn on procedures, operating experience and initial performance problems are also discussed

[en] Operational experience at TRIUMF has shown that an injected beam having a normalized emittance of 0.1 to 0.2π mm-mrad is better suited to reliable high intensity operation than the 0.32π mm-mrad specified in the original design. As a result, a study was initiated to determine the best source which would inject, within this reduced emittance, an H^- beam of 1 or 2 mA of intensity, corresponding to cyclotron extracted currents in excess of 500 μA. After comparing various sources, it was concluded that an Ehlers type PIG source is best suited for external injection into an H^- cyclotron where an intense, high brightness, reliable and full duty cycle source is important. The behaviour of the source as a function of various geometrical and arc parameters was investigated on a model test stand. Work is in progress to make the source conditions more reproducible and to increase its maintenance-free beam production time. The advantages of this source, the results of our experimental investigations and hints for a reliable behaviour will be reported

[en] In this paper, we will examine the totality of equipment, manpower and cost necessary to obtain a polarized proton beam in the Tevatron. We will not, however, be concerned with the acquisition and acceleration of polarized /bar p/ beams. Furthermore we will consider only a planar main ring without overpass, although it is expected that Siberian snake schemes could be made to apply equally well to non-planar machines. In addition to not wanting to tackle here the task of reformulating the theory for a non-planar closed orbit, we also anticipate that as part of the Tevatron upgrade the main ring will in the not too distant future, be replaced by a planar main injector situated in a separate tunnel. 4 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab

[en] Polarized protons have been available for acceleration in the AGS for the high energy physics program since 1984. The polarized H^- source, PONI-1, has routinely supplied a 0.4 Hz, 400 μsec pulse having a nominal intensity of 40 μA. Polarization is ∼80% out of the ion source. After PONI- 1 became operational, a program was initiated to develop a more intense source based on a cold ground state atomic beam source, followed by ionization of the polarized H degrees beam by D^- charge exchange. Various phases of this work have been fully reported elsewhere, and only a summary is given here

[en] A pulsed 8X source was built and the H^- beam current, emittance, and power efficiency were measured. These results were promising, so a cooled, dc version designed for operation at arc power levels up to 30 kW was built. Testing of the CW 8X source discharge is underway. The design dc power loading on the cathode surface is 900 W/cm², considerably higher than achieved in any previous Penning surface-plasma source (SPS). Thus, the electrode surfaces are cooled with pressurized, hot water. The authors describe the source and present the initial operating experience and arc test results

[en] Thin foils, gas and liquid jets and lasers have been proposed as possible stripping systems. Thin foils are being used successfully in negative ion charge-exchange injection systems and appear to be the simplest practical system. (orig.)