[en] In a blind clinical trial, adverse effects after iohexol and iopamidol myelography were evaluated in 151 dogs. Eighty-one dogs were given iohexol (240 mgI/ml) and 70 dogs were given iopamidol (200 mgI/ml) by pre-determined assignment. Each dog was evaluated postmyelographically for seizures, hyperthermia, prolonged recovery from anesthesia and intensification of pre-existing neural signs. Myelographic quality was evaluated with a subjective scoring method. In comparing iohexol and iopamidol groups, there was not a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects or in myelographic quality. Iopamidol and iohexol appeared to be equally efficacious for routine canine myelography

[en] The first investigation of iohexol in human cardioangiography is presented. Slight subjective reactions as well as moderate and transient influence on hemodynamics and ECG parameters were recorded. Analysis of serum enzymes indicated no myocardial injury. Good or excellent films of the left ventricle, aortic root and coronary arteries were obtained. (Auth.)

[en] In a prospective randomized, double-blind, parallel study the new contrast medium (CM) iopentol (Nycomed AS, Oslo, Norway, was compared with iohexol in 63 adult patients submitted for abdominal CT. Both CM are watersoluble, monomeric and non-ionic. A bolus of 2 ml/kg b.w. at a concentration of 350 mg I/ml was given. Safety was evaluated by recording adverse events, changes in blood pressure, heart rate and numerous clinical chemical parameters from blood and urine samples. Efficacy was evaluated by grading picture quality. No serious adverse events occurred, and no differences of clinical importance could be found between the two CM. The picture quality was equally good in both groups. Small differences in adverse events were in favour of iohexol, while differences in urine alkaline phosphatase were in favour of iopentol. (author). 3 refs.; 1 tab

[en] When performing thoracolumbar myelograms using a lumbar injection site, the precise location of contrast medium within the vertebral carnal can be difficult to assess and the presence of epidural contrast medium can hinder radiographic interpretation. This article will briefly discuss the technique of lumbar injections, offering suggestions on how to reduce epidural filling, and discuss radiographic features that aid in determining the location of contrast medium in the vertebral canal

[en] Myelogram was performed for four dogs with spinal injury because the site of spinal injury and degree of spinal compression were identified. We used iohexol (240 mg%) which is relatively new contrast medium. We injected 0.3 ml/kg of iohexol to the cisterna magna. It was able to find the site of spinal injury. There were no adverse reactions during and after general anesthesia. It was concluded that the myelogram with iohexol was a very safe technique because there were no adverse reactions to spinal injury cases

[en] Twenty patients were examined with CT of the liver before, during, and 4 to 6 hours after i.v. administration of 60 g iodine (200 ml iohexol). The attenuation of normal liver parenchyma was measured. The mean attenuation of normal liver parenchyma on nonenhanced scanning was 62.6 HU and on delayed scanning 78.7 HU. It seems that iohexol is a suitable contrast medium for delayed scanning of the liver. (orig.)

[en] It is useful to know the distribution of pulmonary lesions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis on radiological examination. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is predominant lung segment or lobe for tuberculous lesions in infants aged less than one year using contrast enhanced CT. We studied 57 infants (40 boys, 17 girls) who were diagnosed as tuberculosis by isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or combination of family contact, radiographic findings suggesting tuberculosis, and positive reaction of 5 mm or more induration to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin. All the infants had lesions in mediastinal and/or hilar lymphonodes, and 54 out of 57 infants had parenchymal lesions as well. In the study of the segmental predominance of tuberculous lesions, each infant had a share of 100 points. If an infant had a single focus, all the points were distributed to the corresponding segment. If he or she had multiple foci, the 100 points were equally divided into affected lung segments. There was no significant difference between right (3385 points/10 segments) and left (2005 points/8 segments) lungs. The points in upper lobes (2224 points/5 segments) were significantly higher than the combined points of middle and lingual (896 points/4 segments) and lower (2270 points/9 segments) lobes (p<0.05). The points in posterior lung segments (2839 points/7 segments) were significantly higher than the combined points of middle (436 points/3 segments) and anterior (2115 points/8 segments) lung segments (p<0.05). These results suggest that upper lobes and posterior segments are predominant parenchymal regions of tuberculosis among infants less than one year, although tuberculous lesions may locate in any lung segment. (author)

No abstract available

[en] It is important to increase the iodine delivery rate (I), that is the iodine concentration of the contrast material (C) x the flow rate of the contrast material (Q), through microcatheters to obtain arteriograms of the highest contrast. It is known that C is an important factor that influences I. The purpose of this study is to establish a method of hydrodynamic calculation of the optimum iodine concentration (i.e., the iodine concentration at which I becomes maximum) of the contrast material and its flow rate through commercially available microcatheters. Iopamidol, ioversol and iohexol of ten iodine concentrations were used. Iodine delivery rates (I meas) of each contrast material through ten microcatheters were measured. The calculated iodine delivery rate (I cal) and calculated optimum iodine concentration (calculated C opt) were obtained with spreadsheet software. The agreement between I cal and I meas was studied by correlation and logarithmic Bland-Altman analyses. The value of the calculated C opt was within the optimum range of iodine concentrations (i.e. the range of iodine concentrations at which I meas becomes 90% or more of the maximum) in all cases. A good correlation between I cal and I meas (I cal = 1.08 I meas, r = 0.99) was observed. Logarithmic Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95% confidence interval of I cal/I meas was between 0.82 and 1.29. In conclusion, hydrodynamic calculation with spreadsheet software is an accurate, generally applicable and cost-saving method to estimate the value of the optimum iodine concentration and its flow rate through microcatheters

[en] Purpose: Despite detailed knowledge of the effects of X-ray contrast media on cardiac function, no studies have examined the effect of contrast media injections on the subsequent tolerance to ischemia in the heart.Methods: Isolated perfused rat hearts were exposed to repetitive injections of iohexol, iodixanol, or ioxaglate before 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. These groups were compared with control (no pretreatment) and ischemic preconditioning known to reduce infarct size. Physiologic variables and infarct size were measured. Results: Pretreatment with iodixanol reduced infarct size significantly compared with control and thus afforded protection against ischemia. Injections with iohexol and ioxaglate reduced infarct size, although not significantly, compared with control.Conclusion: Pretreatment of the isolated rat heart with commonly used contrast media enhances the cardiac tolerance to subsequent ischemia. The mechanism behind this protective effect could not be determined, but could involve stretching of the heart and/or generation of nitric oxide