[en] The nucleophilic substitution reactions of diisopropyl chlorophosphate (3) with substituted anilines (XC₆H₄NH₂) and deuterated anilines (XC₆H₄ND₂) are investigated kinetically in acetonitrile at 55.0 .deg. C. The anilino lysis rate of 3 is rather slow to be rationalized by the conventional stereo electronic effects. The obtained deuterium kinetic isotope effects (DKIEs: k_H/k_D) are secondary inverse (k_H/k_D = 0.71-0.95) with maximum magnitude at X = H. A concerted mechanism involving predominant backside nucleophilic attack is proposed on the basis of the secondary inverse DKIEs

[en] Background: Sevoflurane anesthetic has recently been administered by anesthesiologists during voiding cystourethrograms in a centre where radiologists are not permitted to deliver pediatric sedation. Objective: To determine whether sevoflurane is a satisfactory anesthetic agent for voiding cystourethrography in children; . Methods: Records of children undergoing voiding cystourethrogram while they were under sevoflurane were reviewed for anesthetic adverse effects and diagnostic quality of the cystourethrogram. The occurrence of on-table voiding and post-void residual bladder volume were documented and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group of children undergoing unsedated voiding cystourethrography. The caregivers were surveyed regarding the anesthetic experience. Results: A total of 91 children underwent sevoflurane voiding cystourethrography; there were no adverse cardiorespiratory events. Voiding was observed in 96%, with residual bladder volumes minimal in 38%, moderate in 32%, and large in 28% of anesthetized children, not significantly different from the control group. Vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 53% of examinations under sevoflurane. When children with a previous history of reflux or voiding cystourethrography were excluded in a comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 38% of studies under sevoflurane and in 44% of studies in the control group, P =.69; 85% of caregivers of children with prior unsedated voiding cystourethrography found voiding cystourethrography with sevoflurane easier than without sevoflurane; 89% thought the anesthetic experience reduced their child's anxiety towards medical procedures. Conclusion: No adverse events or effects on diagnostic quality of the pediatric voiding cystourethrogram were encountered when using sevoflurane. The majority of surveyed caregivers thought that anesthesia made voiding cystourethrography an easier experience for their child. (author)

[en] Isothermal vapor liquid equilibria for the binary system of 3-methylpentane with ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (C₃E₁) and ethylene glycol isopropyl ether (iC₃E₁) were measured at 303.15, 318.15, and 333.15K. In our previous work, phase equilibria for the binary system of C₃E₁ mixtures were investigated according to the chain length of alkane, alcohol or those isomer. But in this study, we discussed the different effect of C₃E₁ and its isomer, iC₃E₁, on the phase equilibria. The measured systems were correlated with a Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) combined with Wong-Sandler mixing rule for the vapor phase, and NRTL, UNIQUAC, and Wilson activity coefficient models for the liquid phase. All the measured systems showed good agreement with the correlation results. And it was found that the phase equilibria showed very little difference between the iC₃E₁ mixture system and the C₃E₁ mixture system

[en] The paper presents the results of experimental determination of density of benzene-diisopropyl ether system and carbon nano tube. The experimental setup for density measure of samples mainly consists of a glass cell (tube), quartz papermaking analytical balance. Determination of density of studied systems was carried out by hydrostatic weighing. Using the theory of thermodynamic similarity of experimental data, empirical equations are obtained by which the density of solutions with an error of 0.3% can be numerically determined. (author)

[en] Highlights: • 2-Ethoxyethanol and butyl acetate were selected as extractants to separate IPA and DIPE. • The VLE data for IPA and DIPE with extractants were measured. • The VLE data were correlated by the NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson models. • An extractive distillation process for separating azeotrope IPA and DIPE is proposed. -- Abstract: For separation of the azeotrope isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether by extractive distillation, 2-ethoxyethanol and butyl acetate were adopted as extractive solvents, and the vapour–liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems of isopropyl alcohol + 2-ethoxyethanol, isopropyl alcohol + butyl acetate, diisopropyl ether + 2-ethoxyethanol and diisopropyl ether + butyl acetate were measured at 101.3 kPa by a modified Rose type recirculating still. The Herington and van Ness consistency method were used to check the thermodynamic consistency of the VLE data. Meanwhile, the VLE data were correlated using the NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson models, and the binary interaction parameters of the three models were regressed. The correlation results indicate that the three models can correlate the experimental data with the root-mean-square deviation value of vapour phase mole faction less than 0.0062. Finally, an extractive distillation process for separating the azeotrope of isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether is explored in this work.

[en] A highly diastereoselective indium-mediated addition reaction to L-proline-derived hydrazones has been developed. The method affords an efficient and general synthesis of homoallylic amines of high optically purity in high yields and diastereomeric ratios up to 98:2. It is well known that (S)-1-amino-2-methoxymethylpyrro-lidine and (S)-4-isopropyl- or (S)-4-phenylmethyl-oxa-zolidin-2-one-derived hydrazones have been used for metal-mediated diastereoselective allylation additions to produce chiral homoallylic amines. However, the optically pure hydrazine precursors are either commercially expensive and/or involve laborious synthetic procedures employing toxic reagents for their preparation. Thus, the design of novel classes of chiral hydrazines that would further broaden the scope of asymmetric synthesis to access optically pure homoallylic amines is highly desirable

[en] Thermodynamically consistent (vapour + liquid) equilibrium data at 101.32 kPa have been determined for (diisopropyl ether + isopropyl alcohol + water) and its constituents (diisopropyl ether + isopropyl alcohol) and (isopropyl alcohol + water). The NRTL and UNIQUAC equations for the liquid phase activity coefficients were found to correlate better the experimental data. The ASOG and the original and modified UNIFAC group-contribution methods did not represent adequately the (vapour + liquid) equilibrium data of this study

[en] The article studies the relationship between surface tension coefficient and density of benzene and diisopropyl ether solutions. The results of an experimental determination of density and surface tension coefficient of solutions of benzene and diisopropyl ether system at mass concentration range from 0 to 100% solvents, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. (author)

[en] This paper presents the results of synthesis of new complex propyl and isopropyl esters of cholanic acid by the Fisher method. To obtain sufficiently complete information on behavior of cholanic acids in the reactions, on the effect of the nature of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in various substitution reactions, as well as for their implementation in other modifications using high-purity starting compounds, the possibility of using various methods for purifying cholanic acids and their propyl and isopropyl ethers has been studied. (author)

[en] Highlights: • New speed of sound data for HFE7500 + DIPE are reported. • The pressure and temperature intervals are 0.1–100 MPa and 293.15–353.15 K. • Density data have been calculated by integration of speed of sound data. • A correlation was proposed to represent density data. • Isothermal compressibility is reported. -- Abstract: Speeds of sound for the binary system HFE-7500 + Diisopropyl ether have been measured at pressures up to 100 MPa and within a temperature interval from (293.15 to 353.15) K. High pressure density measurements were carried out by using a U-tube densimeter up to 140 MPa and at temperatures from (293.15 to 393.15) K. Additionally, the density and the isentropic compressibility were evaluated from integration of speed of sound data in the pressure range from (0.1 to 100) MPa and in the temperature interval from (293.15 to 353.15) K. This work also reports a correlation for both the density and the speed of sound within their estimated uncertainties to evaluate the volume and its derivatives with respect to pressure and temperature.