[en] Liming (with applications of 1000 to 8000 kg/ha) had no long- term (1929-1985) effect on the growth of Scots pine on drained oligotrophic peatlands. Liming plus NPK fertilization had a variable effect on the growth of stands. The same treatment could result in a very different response in different experimental areas. Both liming alone and liming plus NPK fertilization increased the calcium, magnesium and nitrogen contents of peat and decreased the C/Nratio and acidity. Liming plus fertilization decreased needle boron and manganese and increased calcium and nitrogen concentrations. The results of peat and needle analysis indicated that the changes in nitrogen availability to trees caused by liming have not been sufficient enough to affect tree growth. It was also concluded that boron deficiency was the main reason for the lowered yield. (26 refs., 6 tabs., 8 figs.) (author)

[en] A model of "9"0Sr transfer from soil to a plant, and an expression for the assessment of this transfer were received. The model has shown that the decrease of "9"0Sr transfer in the soil - plant system by liming of acid soils has a limit which limited by the CEC of the soil. The model has been tested using a set of experimental data obtained in the laboratory experiments. The evaluation of the influence of liming on the "9"0Sr transfer from soil to plant, and a comparison with the theoretical results were carried out. (authors)

[en] With the use of high-sensitivity instrumental neutron activation analysis the concentrations of 21 elements in some species of meadow grass grown on the control lots and on the lots after chalking of soil have been determined. Statistical treatment of the data has revealed rather strong correlation between some elements, but has not shown any influence of the process of chalking by the dust-like oil shale ash on the concentration of microelements. (author). 13 refs., 3 tabs., 2 figs

[en] To restore a degraded pasture of Brachiaria decumbens, located in Sao Carlos - SP, southeastern Brazil, under altitude tropical climate, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of limestone, buried or not buried in the soil, and fertilizer use on mineral content and forage yield, after 3 years of treatment. Limestone and phosphorus were applied once, one month before starting. NK were applied after each cutting, for fertilized plots, four to five times a year. Experimental design was a random block (100 m²), with 6 replications and 4 treatments. Each block received 4 t/ha of limestone, except the control. Forage samples were collected 14 cm above soil surface. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) followed by gamma-ray spectrometry was the analytical method used to determine the mineral contents. Dry matter yield was affected positively with liming when compared with the limestone control, but the effect of limestone use was more pronounced with the concomitant use of NK fertilizer. The contents of Ca, Cs, Fe, La, Mg, Rb, Sc, Sm and Th in forage were negatively affected with the NK use, perhaps due to a dilution effect, while a reverse were observed for K, Cl, perhaps due to input of KCl, besides Br, Mn and Se. It seems that limestone is not a key input to restore degraded tropical pastureland, grown on acid soils, when nitrogen is lacking. INAA allowed the monitoring of some not routine elements that may be under observation to avoid potential plant nutritional disorders in production systems with high limestone and fertilizer use. (author)

No abstract available

[en] By anthropogenic acidification the soil forming process, podzolisation, will be perturbed. The organic acids in soil solution will form complexes with aluminium to a less degree and inorganic aluminium will be leached from the illuvial horizon. The soil acidification has not resulted in declined coniferous forest growth, which might be explained by mycorrhizal activity promoting nutrient uptake direct from minerals. Liming and wood ash applications on forest soil might enhance CO₂ evolution, increase DOC concentrations and might also initially decrease pH and increase Al concentrations in soil solution

No abstract available

[en] Sulfur dioxide pollutant was treated in the laboratory with hydrated lime particles having a mean diameter of 9.1 μm in a continuously operating binary fluidized bed reactor also containing inert sand particles with sizes varying from 500 to 590 μm. The influence of temperature (500, 600, 700 and 800 deg. C) on the reaction medium, of the superficial velocity of the gas (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m/s), and of the Ca/S molar ratio (1, 2 and 3) on the SO₂ removal efficiency were investigated for an inflow gas concentration of 1000 ppm and an initially static bed height of 10.0 cm. The pollutant removal efficiency proved to depend on the temperature and the velocity of the gaseous flow and was strongly influenced by the Ca/S molar ratio. The maximum efficiency of 97.7% was achieved at a temperature of 700 deg. C, a Ca/S ratio of 3 and a velocity of 0.8 m/s. The lime particles' mean residence time was determined by an indirect method, which consisted of integrating the gas concentration curves normalized with respect to time. Based on a calculation of the critical transition velocities, it was concluded that the reactor operated in a bubbling regime under each condition investigated here

[en] Liming and wood-ash addition have long been used to attenuate the effects of acidic deposition on forest soils with the goal of promoting tree growth. We performed quantitative meta-analyses of treatment studies from managed forest ecosystems to assess general tendencies of effects of treatment on seven selected measures of performance thought to reasonably reflect the effects of Ca-addition treatment. We retrieved over 350 independent trials from 110 peer-reviewed liming and wood-ash addition studies that were integrated to determine soil pH, base saturation (BS), tree foliar Ca concentration, tree growth, ectomychorrhizae root colonization, soil C-to-N ratio, and microbial indices. The results were quantified through three separate meta-analysis effect size metrics: unweighted relative values and two weighted metrics, Hedges' d and ln R. A surprising number of treatment trials (22%--85%) reported no significant effect, and soil pH and foliar Ca appeared more responsive to liming than to wood-ash addition, whereas BS and tree growth appeared more responsive to wood-ash addition. For six of the seven parameters, estimated mean effect sizes were similar in magnitude and positive in direction for all three meta-analysis metrics. Regression tree optimal models explained 38% of the variation in pH, 47% of the variation in BS, 51% of the variation in foliar Ca concentration, and 26% of the variation in tree growth. The largest predictors of effect size, within our selected group, were as follows: soil type for pH; soil type, trial duration in years, and species (hardwood or softwood) for BS; treatment dose and type for foliar Ca concentration; and trial duration, initial soil pH, and tree species for tree growth. This analysis shows that Ca additions are not universally beneficial and provides insight into when Ca additions to forest soils are likely to be most effective. (author)

[en] The principal action of De-liming is to neutralize the alkali in the hides gradually to avoid violent changes in pH which could lead to distortion or disruption of the tissues. At present a number of De-liming agents such as, Ammonium Salts, Organic Acids and Mineral Acids are being used for this purpose. The research in this field is mainly directed towards two objectives; to achieve the cost effectiveness of the process and to minimize the environmental impact of the effluent produced. This paper deals with the advanced technique of De-liming by using CO/sub 2/. The system developed locally to experiment this technique is termed as CO/sub 2/ De-liming System. The unique feature of the process involved in this system is, the use CO/sub 2/ present in the boiler off gases. This paper elucidates the technique of De-liming of large bovine hides (cow and buffalo) as well as skins (goats and sheep) by using CO/sub 2/ present in boiler off gases along with environmental and financial benefits. The results show that in case of skins, the use of Ammonium Sulfate can be completely eliminated where as in case of bovine hides the reduction in use of Ammonium Sulfate can be 20 to 50% (w/w), depending upon the thickness of the pelt (limed hides or skins). This result in proportional reduction of Ammonia gas produced along with the reduction in concentration of BOD, COD and Sulfate ions by the same amount. Additionally, the system can also produce hot water while cooling the boiler off gases from 280-220 deg. C to 105 deg. C. The quantity of hot water generated depends upon the quantity of boiler off gases being cooled. The pay back period of the system is between 1-2 years, depending upon the size of installation as well as the type of hides/skins being processed. (author)