[en] The Chemical Oxidation Reduction Decontamination/Ultra Violet (CORD/UV) process is attractive for full system decontamination of light water reactors because of the relatively low levels of waste generated. This is due to the use of permanganic acid instead of the potassium permanganate used in some other processes and which reacts with resins to produce substantial amounts of waste. Additionally, CORD/UV uses ultraviolet light for in situ decomposition of the decontamination chemicals and the end products are essentially carbon dioxide and water. The principle of the process is described and details of its application to the Loviisa 2 445 MWe VVER-440 type reactor are given. (UK)

[en] When Finland ordered VVER-440 reactors from the USSR 20 years ago, it was determined that safety standards should meet Western requirements. By incorporating the best of Western technology, a high level of safety has been maintained and although the Loviisa units (which started up in 1977 and 1980) are basically VVER-440s they are unique in their design. The adaptations made to meet the safety requirements are described. (author)

[en] Long term maintenance at Loviisa is based on an eight-year cycle; every eighth year inspection of the pressure vessel cladding, welds and nozzles; every fourth year visual inspection inside the reactor vessel and partial ultrasonic inspections of the vessel welds; in other years simple refuelling outages. The length of these outages has been reduced to 50, 40 and 20 days, respectively, and huge efforts are made to match major equipment overhauls and replacements to this programme. The details of the outage planning are described. (author)

[en] Finlands two Loviisa units are Soviet designed 440 MWe PWRs (VVER-440). The good performance of the units has been attributed to the care exercised during construction. Nuclear policy in Finland is outlined, including a brief discussion of which type of reactors will be built. (U.K.)

No abstract available

[en] The experience of Afora Ltd in the nuclear field dates back to the 1960s when the first generation of the multi-channel radiation analyzers was introduced. Much of Afora's early experience in this field is connected to the Loviisa VVER-440 nuclear power plant. Afora delivered during the second half of the 1970s the plant process computer systems, and the full-scope simulator of Loviisa nuclear power plant. One of the outstanding features of the Loviisa simulator delivery was the extensive and versatile development and support software supplied with the simulator. This software has also greatly facilitated the use of the simulator for purposes other than operator training, e.g. plant operation support and R and D

[en] This paper presents general regulatory issues from Finland since the last WWER Regulators Forum meeting in Odessa 11-13 October 2000. More specific issues concerning Loviisa NPP are described in the Annex of this paper. (author)

[en] • Annual outage planning schedule is made for whole Outage organization; • Annual outage planning schedule consists significant tasks and milestones of short term outage planning and preparation. Outage specific schedule is created yearly basis; • Schedule is check list, for ensuring, that all tasks are started and completed on time; • Annual outage planning schedule is monitored monthly at outage planning meetings. Exceptions are handled via outage planning corrective actions programme. Outage planning department has a responsibility of outage planning schedule; • Annual outage planning schedule have found to be valuable tool for decreasing risk of delayed actions

[en] Loviisa nuclear power station, operated by IVO, consists of two Soviet-designed PWRs of the VVER-440 type. Since unit 1 started its commercial operation in May 1977, and unit 2 in January 1981, substantial progress has been made in reducing the duration of planned outages. (author)

[en] The Chernobyl accident, although it occurred in a reactor of the RBMK type has also focused attention on the design and safety of Soviet PWRs. Interestingly, some of the consistently best reliability figures in the world have been recorded by two Soviet designed reactors - the PWRs at Loviisa in Finland. (author)