[en] Published in summary form only

[en] Published data on recyclisation reactions of carbo- and heterocycles with participation of malononitrile and recyclisation of compounds containing a malononitrile fragment or fragments with malononitrile as a synthon are surveyed, described systematically and analysed. The bibliography includes 206 references.

No abstract available

[en] In this project, we have studied the ultrafast dynamics of a well recognized molecular rotor 2-(4 (dimethylamino)benzylidene) malononitrile (DMN), using femtosecond-resolved transient infrared spectroscopy. The spectral and temporal evolution of the nitrile stretch frequency of DMN has been monitored in different solvents of varying viscosity and hydrogen-bonding ability. (author)

[en] The classic Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction was modified by adding phenol as a second organic substrate that kinetically competes with the malonic acid in the reduction of Ce⁴⁺ to Ce³⁺ and in the removal of molecular bromine of the reaction mixture. The oscillating reaction of two substrates exhibited burst firing and an oscillatory period of long duration. Analysis of experimental data shows an increasing of the bursting phenomenon, with a greater spiking in the burst firing and with a longer quiescent state, as a function of the initial phenol concentration increase. It was hypothesized that the bursting phenomenon can be explained introducing a redox cycle between the reduced phenolic species (hydroxyphenols) and the oxidized ones (quinones). The hypothesis was experimentally and numerically tested and from the results it is possible to conclude that the bursting phenomenon exhibited by the oscillating reaction of two substrates is mainly driven by a p-di-hydroxy-benzene/p-benzoquinone redox cycle (author)

[en] A time-resolved method for the study of structure and spin dynamics of transient radicals in liquids is described. Pulsed electron beam or pulsed laser irradiation is used to create transient radicals in solution. Irradiation is carried out in the field of a variable electromagnet, and the diamagnetic products are transferred rapidly using a fast flow system to an NMR probe. During the radical reaction, a 0.5 to 10 μs rf pulse is applied to the reacting sample at an appropriate frequency, corresponding to a nuclear energy level spacing of the given radical. Nuclear spin level population changes in the radical are transferred to its reaction product and detected as intensity changes in their NMR spectra. The method is illustrated using radiolyzed sodium malonate

[en] The effect of nitrogen (N) on growth, development, yield and yield components of different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids was evaluated under agro-climatic conditions of Multan during spring 2008 and 2009. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications, keeping cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. The net plot size was 4.2 m x 5 m. The results showed that, with increasing N rates, there was increment in the biomass, yield and yield components while the oil contents were adversely affected. However, there was high seed yield in 2008 as compared to 2009. Among sunflower hybrids, Hysun-38 gave more yield as compared to other sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Pioneer 64A93), while in case of N levels, 180 kg ha/sup -1/ provided higher yield than other N rates (0, 60, 120, 240 kg ha/sup -1/) in both years of study especially during 2008. (author)

[en] Trialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonates can be used as organic substance stabilizers, in particular for protecting polyolefins, such as polypropylene, from deterioration through oxidation by heat or ionizing radiations

[en] 1,3-Propanediol is one of two ingredients used in producing polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), a polymer which can be used in polyester and nylon applications. Researchers are developing a process to ferment biomass feedstock to malonic acid using filamentous fungi and then catalytically convert malonic acid to 1,3-propanediol

[en] To achieve trichotomic separation of light lanthanides (Ln), heavy Ln, and Am, batchwise multi-stage extractions using N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl-diglycolamide (TODGA) extractant from organic acids are studied. This technique has the advantages of both solvent extraction and chromatography, which enable successive separation and management of large volumes of aqueous solutions. Malonic acid (M-Acid) is used as the main component of the aqueous phase. It is clear that the separation factor for Nd/Am from M-Acid and that for La/Am from M-Acid + HNO₃ are both around 30, thus we plan to conduct these separations. (author)