[en] The Soviet Union established a system of specialized regional facilities to dispose of radioactive waste generated by sources other than the nuclear fuel cycle. The system had 16 facilities in Russia, 5 in Ukraine, one in each of the other CIS states, and one in each of the Baltic Republics. These facilities are still being used. The major generators of radioactive waste they process these are research and industrial organizations, medical and agricultural institution and other activities not related to nuclear power. Waste handled by these facilities is mainly beta- and gamma-emitting nuclides with half lives of less than 30 years. The long-lived and alpha-emitting isotopic content is insignificant. Most of the radwaste has low and medium radioactivity levels. The facilities also handle spent radiation sources, which are highly radioactive and contain 95-98 percent of the activity of all the radwaste buried at these facilities

No abstract available

[en] An overview is given of the nature and management of uranium mill tailings and various radioactive wastes. Illustrations are taken from Canadian programs, however the text is worldwide in scope. (E.C.B.)

[en] These Technical Publications include the main papers presented during the IV R and d Symposium on Radioactive Wastes Management Technology, promoted by ENRESA and held in the Barcelona University during November 2001. The papers correspond both to the technical Sessions and the Seminars and they are a document of inestimable value that indicates the high technological value reached in the radioactive waste management as a result of a clear and continuous R and D politics together with an intense and productive international collaboration. Throughout the papers of this document the technological status and the capacities developed in all different fields of the radioactive waste management are shown. the main subjects discussed include: low and medium activity wastes management, dismantling of nuclear plants, partitioning and transmutation of long life radionuclide and mainly deep geological disposal. Through the papers corresponding to the scientific sessions the state of the art in the mentioned areas is reviewed with special emphasis as the achievements and developments reached in Spain. Through the seminars, many outstanding aspects of the R and D in radioactive wastes such as the biosphere role, the numerical modelling and the underground laboratories, can be studied in depth. (Author)

[en] An electronically supported 'System for Supervising the Waste Flow and for Ensuring the Quality of Radioactive Wastes to be Disposed of' (AVK) which is being developed by DWK (German Company for Reprocessing of Used Nuclear Fuel) is described. The AVK also include: Recording and documentation of all necessary data about raw wastes, their treatment and conditioning, their storage and transport; Organization of all actions of waste producers; Classification and delineation of competences; Inclusion of the area of transport; Structures enabling reconstruction of the whereabouts of every single waste unit. 3 figs

[en] The paper identifies and summarizes the main issues arising from the 32 contributed papers to the session. The main topics covered are addressed under the headings: national strategies, waste processing, storage, disposal and clearance. The paper concludes by summarizing the main common issues arising from the papers. (author)

[en] Nuclear utilities are continually evaluating methods to improve operations and reduce costs associated with radioactive waste management. The 25th Annual ASME/EPRI Workshop facilitates this effort by communicating technology and management improvements throughout the industry. This workshop, restricted to utility radwaste professionals, also serves to communicate practical in-plant improvements with the opportunity to discuss them in detail

[en] Radioactive waste generation began in Spain during the 1950's, in association with the first applications of radioactive isotopes in industry, medicine and research. Spain's first nuclear power plant began its operations in 1968. At present, there are in operation some one thousand installations possessing the administrative authorization required to use radioactive isotopes (small producers), nine nuclear groups and a tenth is now entering the dismantling phase. There are also activities and installations pertaining to the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle (mining, milling and the manufacturing of fuel elements). Until 1985, the research center Junta de Energia Nuclear (now CIEMAT) rendered radioactive waste removal, and subsequent conditioning and temporary storage services to the small producers. Since the beginning of their operations the nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities have had the capacity to condition and temporarily store their own radioactive wastes. ENRESA (Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos, S. A.) began its operations in the second half of 1985. It is a state-owned company created by the Government in accordance with a previous parliamentary resolution and commissioned to establish a system for management of such wastes throughout Spain, being in charge also of the dismantling of nuclear power plants and other major installations at the end of their operating lifetimes. Possibly the most outstanding characteristic of ENRESA's evolution over these last seven years has been the need to bring about a compromise between solving the most immediate and pressing day-to-day problems of operation (the first wastes were removed at the beginning of 1986) and establishing the basic organization, resources, technology and installations required for ENRESA to operate efficiently in the long term. (author)

[en] This film explains how radioactive wastes arise and how they are treated so as to minimise effect on man and the environment. The nature of the wastes, whether solid, liquid or gas, and their classification as low, intermediate or high, depending on their type and the degree of radioactivity, and with the treatment, disposal, containment and dispersal of wastes are described. (author)

[en] Nearly all topics or issues being discussed during this Seminar - especially those with regard to repositories in geological formations - are ''international or supra-national issues''. This paper deals with some selected ones. Geology does not know or respect national boundaries. This is illustrated through the areas which were covered with ice in Europe during the last Pleistocene glaciation period which only ended some 10,300 years before now. Also, possible radionuclide releases from future geological repositories may easily cross presently existing national borders. Looking backward into our history, 300 years - the relevant times span which is considered for institutional control for near-surface repositories - are relatively long. In 1695, however, the United States did not even exist and Germany was a patchwork of different entities. Recent examples of national instabilities are the disintegration of the former Soviet Union and the split of the former Czechoslovakia. Reprocessing of spent fuel was politically declared ''Europeanized'' in the political discussion in 1989. The next logic steps to do the same for radioactive waste management and disposal were, however, not performed. Every country is still following its national strategy. Even discussion of international repositories is a political taboo. This Seminar should initiate or at least catalyze such discussions and possibilities. A very important supra-national issue is the harmonization of the regulatory framework for geological repositories. This is the more necessary because the problems - especially with regard to public acceptance - are nearly the same in all countries. A possible step forward could be done by either installing an independent ''International Commission on Nuclear Waste Disposal (ICND)'' in parallel to the well known and respected ICRP and/or by establishing a ''Convention on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management'' within the IAEA. (author). 9 refs, 1 fig