[en] Radioiodine can be released into the air in the form of elemental iodine (I₂), which can be absorbed by crop plants through their stomata. Accordingly, foliar uptake of elemental radioiodine can be a significant pathway for man's exposure to internal radiations due to food consumption. Radish is highly consumed by Korean people but little is known about its foliar uptake of elemental radioiodine. In this study, an experiment was carried out using an exposure chamber in which radish plants were exposed to I₂ vapor at different growth stages. Stable iodine was used for a surrogate of radioiodine

[en] Long red radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L.) were irradiated with 10 and 30 Gy at dose rates of 4.5, 22.5 and 45.0 Gy/h. Apparently those treatments produced a germination delay and fresh and dry weight values for young plants leaves were than the control, but not statistically significant. Roots of totally developed plants showed no modifications in weight, volume, mean diameter, lenght and in the content of water soluble reducing sugar. Influence of dose rate was not verified. (author)

[en] The tendency of selenium to interact with heavy metals in presence of naturally occurring species has been exploited for the development of green bioremediation of toxic metals from soil using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. The cross validation of the data for the reduction in uptake of Hg(II) ions in the plant R. sativus grown in soil and sand culture in presence of selenium has been used for ANN modeling. ANN model based on the combination of back propagation and principal component analysis was able to predict the reduction in Hg uptake with a sigmoid axon transfer function. The data of fifty laboratory experimental sets were used for structuring single layer ANN model. Series of experiments resulted into the performance evaluation based on considering 20% data for testing and 20% data for cross validation at 1,500 Epoch with 0.70 momentums The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was found as the best of BP algorithms with a minimum mean squared error at the eighth place of the decimal for training (MSE) and cross validation. (author)

[en] To understand codon usage features of ICE1 gene in radish, the sequence of ICE1 was analyzed via programs of CUSP and Codon W, and it was also compared with other 10 plant species and genomes. The results showed that ICE1 in radish was bias towards the synonymous codons with A and T at third codon position. According to the RSCU (Relative Synonymous Codon Usage), 12 codons were high-frequency. Compared with the codon usages of other radish genes, bias towards of 19 codons were the same. There were some differences in codon bias of ICE1 among different species. The cluster tree of ICE1 based on CDS revealed a better evolutionary relationship among different species than the result analyzed by RSCU. The differences of codon usage between ICE1 and rice genome was larger than that between ICE1 and some cruciferae plant genomes (Arabidopsis, cabbage). This means something should be done to ICE1 to heterologous expression of ICE1. This study not only preliminarily reveals the codon usage pattern of ICE1 of radish, but also provides a certain theoretical basis to further molecular genetic study. (authors)

[en] The effect of low dose γ radiation on early growth and photosynthesis in radish plant was studied. The seedling height of radish was stimulated in plants grown from seeds irradiated with the low dose of 10 Gy. The O₂ evolution in the 10 Gy irradiation group was 1.2 times greater than in the control. The catalase and peroxidase activity of radish leaves grown from seeds irradiated with γ radiation were increased at 10 Gy irradiation group as the superoxide dismutase activity of leaves was. To investigate the effect of low dose γ radiation on response to UV-B stress, UV-B was given at the intensity of 1 W· m^-2 to the detached leaves. Pmax was decreased with increasing illumination time by 76% in the control, while decreased by 75% in the 10 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, was decreased with increasing illumination time by 75% after 4 hours while Fv/Fm in the 10 Gy irradiation group was decreased by 69% of inhibition, indicating that the low dose γ radiation retarded the deteriorative effect of UV-B on PSII. The initial fluorescence (Fo) was slightly increased with increasing illumination time, while the maximal fluorescence (Fm) was decreased. These results showed the positive effect of low dose γ radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of the deteriorative effect of UV-B stress on photosynthesis in radish plant

[en] MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-protein coding and negative regulatory RNAs approximately 21 nucleotides in length. The comparative genomic methodology due to their conserved nature is a reasonable approach for the novel miRNAs discovery. In this research, total 25 novel miRNAs from 18 families (ras-miR-156, 160, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 319, 399, 408, 413, 414, 841, 1310, 2936, 5030 and 5661) are identified in an important vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The 25 miRNA precursor sequences showed secondary structures with the mature miRNAs in the stem region. Total 42 putative targets are also identified for the novel 25 radish miRNAs. These findings suggest that more thorough understanding of the function of such miRNAs will help to unravel the mysteries role in plant biology. (author)

[en] To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-Mu-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analyzed by using the gas chromatography. The radiographic examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consideration in both lung. The headspace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

[en] The addition of inorganic phosphate fertilizers to soil and crops is a common practice for increasing crop production in worldwide. The fertilizers in soil causes an increase in the radionuclides content along with the essential nutrients that can transfer from soil to various parts of plants. The aim of this work is to measure the alpha activity from various part of radish plant. The measurement of alpha activity was performed by track etch technique using LR-115 detectors. The results show that the alpha track density from lower part of leaves is higher than that from upper part. The alpha track density from upper and lower part of leaves varied from 12 ± 1.9 to 40.8 ± 1.9 tr cm² and 16 ± 2.2 to 51.3 ± 3.3 tr cm² respectively while it varied from 45 ± 4 to 135 ± 4 tr cm² for edible part of plants. With age of plants the radionuclide contents continuously get accumulated in the different part of plant and hence increase in alpha track density was observed during present work. The track density for plants grown with phosphate fertilizers was found to be higher compare to organic and urea fertilizers

[en] The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of the amount of contact between film mulch and row surface upon the variations of 10 soil temperatures and their deviations at the same 10 cm depth, and thereby properly compare the soil temperatures of two plots. Three process zones, consisting of a zone without mulch, a zone with black polyethylene mulch, and a zone with transparent polyethylene mulch, were established. Each zone was divided into three sub-zones whose contact percentages, that is, the amount of contact between the variations of mulch and the soil, were set to 100%, 70%, and 50%, respectively. Each sub-zone was further divided into two plots: one where no vegetation would be grown, and the other where radish plants would be grown. In all, 18 experimental plots were prepared. The daily range in soil temperature was measured beneath each of the 18 plots. The order relation of the daily ranges among the plots was transparent mulch (1.8 deg C to 2.7 deg C) > no mulch (1.2 deg C to 1.9 deg C) > black mulch (0.8 deg C to 1.1 deg C). The soil temperature order of the two plots based on t-test was as follows: The soil temperature at no mulch zone at 6:00 was 100% plot > 70% plot > 50% plot. The temperature at 15:00 was 50% plot > 70% plot > 100% plot. Accordingly, temperature change in the 50% plot was most significant. Soil temperature in the black mulch zone at 6:00 was highest in the 50% plot. Therefore, the insulating effect at the black mulch zone was the greatest. At 15:00, temperature rise in the 70% plot was most significant. In the transparent mulch zone, the 100% and 70% plots showed an equivalent insulating effect at 6:00, and the temperature rise in the 50% plot at 15:00 was largest. The soil temperature difference between two plots for each mulch zone, the distribution range of the difference between the 100% plot and the 70% plot, and that between the 100% plot and the 50% plot, all increased with increasing amounts of solar radiation. In particular beneath the black mulch with vegetation, the kurtosis of the soil temperature distribution decreased with increasing amounts of solar radiation. Beneath the transparent mulch without vegetation, the tendency toward decreases in the largest frequency became evident with the same variation

[en] The physicochemical characteristics of oils and nutrient contents of the seeds of three varieties of Cucumis sativus namely, Shahi-50, Naogaon-5 and Naogaon-Green, have been reported. Profile of fatty acid composition was not wholly similar in all varieties and unsaturated fatty acids were more than 77%, of which linoleic acid was 61.9-62.2%. High degree of unsaturation was indicated with lower peroxide value (3.7-4.2) and FFA (1.1-1.6%). Triacylglycerols and neutral lipids were the most abounded components recorded as 82.1-83.7% and 92.1-94.0%, respectively. The seeds contained potentially useful amounts of lipid (28.0-31.1%) and protein (14.8-15.9%) and other nutrients. (author)