No abstract available

[en] Smell and taste disorders occur in many neurological diseases. The authors present a short overview of chemo sensory perception testing. Chemo sensory perception encompasses not only smell and taste, but all trigeminal nerve mediated perception from nasal and oral mucosa. Chemo sensory perception disorders occur only rarely in some mono neuropathies, but they are substantially more frequent in poly neuropathies. Disorders of chemo sensory perception are very often documented in metabolic (diabetes mellitus) or toxic (organic solvents, heavy metals, some medicaments) poly neuropathies. Taste disorders are relatively often found in autoimmune mediated poly neuropathies. (author)

[en] A brief review is given of the use of radiotherapy in patients with various ocular problems. Knowledge of the radiobiological tolerance of normal ocular structures, enhanced technical precision and better appreciation of limits of usefulness and morbidity pitfalls have all led to improved therapeutic ratios. (UK)

[en] Short communication

[en] In an attempt to study the distribution pattern and correlation between maxillary, frontal and sphenoid sinus volume, sinus volumes were measured by coronal CT scans of the paranasal sinus. Two hundred and four maxillary sinuses of 102 patients, the frontal sinuses of 62 patients and the sphenoid sinuses of 68 patients with no inflammatory changes detectable on CT scans of the each paranasal sinus and nasal cavity were analyzed. The volumes of the maxillary sinus showed a normal distribution, and its mean volume and standard deviation were 20.5±9.2 cm³. The logarithms of both frontal and sphenoid sinus volumes exhibited an normal distribution. The mean volume of the frontal sinus and the sphenoid sinus, which were calculated using logarithms of the sinus volumes statistically, were 8.3 cm³ and 9.6 cm³ respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.134 between the maxillary and frontal sinus, 0.445 between the maxillary and sphenoid sinus and 0.315 between the frontal and sphenoid sinus. It is suggested that differences in the volume distribution pattern between the maxillary sinus and frontal or sphenoid sinus might be caused by differences in the growing process of each sinus. (author)

No abstract available

[en] In a 22-year old patient deep peripapillar drusen were observed accompanied by bilateral papillo-edemas and unilateral papillar and peripapillar haemorrhages and bilateral defects of the visual fields which in certain stages assumed the character of left-side hemianopia. The importance is evaluated of computer tomography in the diagnosis of deep peripapillar drusen and the following conclusions are arrived at: 1. computer tomography (CT) has an immense differential diagnosis significance in their quiescent stage; 2. in the acute stage accompanied by vascullar and perimetric symptoms, even though deep papillar drusen are accurately shown by CT, further examinations are required to exclude the possibility of simultaneous intracranial lesions. (author)

[en] A descriptive study was made to determine the visual acuity, microperimetry and optical coherence tomography in patients operated on by the conventional rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at 'Ramon Pando Ferrer' Cuban Ophthalmologic Institute from October 2006 to March 2007. Twenty six patients, who had gone to the hospital with normal values in ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy and three-six months of disease development. Better corrected visual acuity, fixation, average sensitivity, morphology and macular thickness were obtained after surgery. Average visual acuity was 0,41 and fixation was stable in most of patients; average retinal sensitivity was 11 decibels. The most frequent finding was serum detachment. Average macular thickness was 246,3 micras. There was no statistical relation between preoperative time of disease development and the macular characteristics of detachment in these tests. (Author)

[en] The clinical and CT pictures are described and evaluated of five children with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous due to regression of the embryonal hyaloid vascular system. It becomes clinically manifest especially in leukokoria, the reduced globe of the eye, prolonged ciliary processi and the formation of fibrovascular changes behind the lens. The CT picture is characterized by a) increased density of the vitreous, b) dense stripes going in the retrolental direction and in the course of the Cloquet canal, c) microphthalmus, d) the absence of calcifications and e) facultative changes in the lens and the anterior chamber. These signs form an important criterion for differentiating persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous from retinoblastoma. (author). 5 figs., 8 refs

[en] In this paper we use the HSI color space as an alternative to RGB space. The HSI space considers the image as a combination of the components: hue, saturation and intensity. In this paper we propose to design a chromatic filter in order to obtain improvements in the enhancement of medical images. In image processing systems it is usual specify colors in a form compatible with the hardware used. The RGB color model, where is computationally convenient, is not very useful in the specification and color recognition. The human being does not recognize a color by having an amount of red, green or blue components, but uses attributes perceptual of hue, saturation and intensity. The chromatics models HSI, HLS, HSV, and its variants, encodes the color with the above attributes and are defined as intuitive spaces.