[en] Extensive work has been conducted on SPE analysis efforts: Fault effects Non-uniform weathered layer analysis MUNROU: material library incorporation, parallelization, and development of non-locking tets Development of a unique continuum-based-visco-plastic strain-rate-dependent material model With corrected SPE data path is now set for a multipronged approach to fully understand experimental series shot effects.

[en] Complete text of publication follows. It is taking into account effect of electrons during minimum of solar wind and ground level effects of solar protons when an extreme solar energetic particle event leads to a greatly enhanced flux of energetic particles penetrating into the low polar atmosphere. The detailed analysis of some very extreme solar energetic particle ground level enhancements (GLEs) show formations of aerosol layers with maximum of the aerosol concentration on the second day after solar energetic particle penetration. This means that increasing of solar cosmic rays induction ionization (CRII) rate of polar atmosphere leads to changes of physical-chemical properties in this area. Formed aerosol layers during increasing CRII rate lead to formation of water vapor layers and then decreasing of ozone concentration. A statistical test confirms that the observed changes of the chemical and physical properties of the polar troposphere are significant and is unlikely to be related to a spatial or temporal independent fluctuation of the aerosol and others contents. Thus, the results of the present work suggest that an enhanced flux of solar energetic particles can lead to notable changes in the chemical and physical properties of the polar troposphere. The effect of electrons are connected to changes of vorticity over the polar atmosphere. The low atmosphere needs at least two days for the maximum responding to particle precipitation.

[en] In this work, we developed a self-organizing map (SOM) technique for using web-based text analysis to forecast when a group is undergoing a phase change. By 'phase change', we mean that an organization has fundamentally shifted attitudes or behaviors. For instance, when ice melts into water, the characteristics of the substance change. A formerly peaceful group may suddenly adopt violence, or a violent organization may unexpectedly agree to a ceasefire. SOM techniques were used to analyze text obtained from organization postings on the world-wide web. Results suggest it may be possible to forecast phase changes, and determine if an example of writing can be attributed to a group of interest.

[en] Wellbore integrity is essential to ensuring long-term isolation of buoyant supercritical CO₂ during geologic sequestration of CO₂. In this report, we summarize recent progress in numerical simulations of cement-brine-CO₂ interactions with respect to migration of CO₂ outside of casing. Using typical values for the hydrologic properties of cement, caprock (shale) and reservoir materials, we show that the capillary properties of good quality cement will prevent flow of CO₂ into and through cement. Rather, CO₂, if present, is likely to be confined to the casing-cement or cement-formation interfaces. CO₂ does react with the cement by diffusion from the interface into the cement, in which case it produces distinct carbonation fronts within the cement. This is consistent with observations of cement performance at the CO₂-enhanced oil recovery SACROC Unit in West Texas (Carey et al. 2007). For poor quality cement, flow through cement may occur and would produce a pattern of uniform carbonation without reaction fronts. We also consider an alternative explanation for cement carbonation reactions as due to CO₂ derived from caprock. We show that carbonation reactions in cement are limited to surficial reactions when CO₂ pressure is low (< 10 bars) as might be expected in many caprock environments. For the case of caprock overlying natural CO₂ reservoirs for millions of years, we consider Scherer and Huet's (2009) hypothesis of diffusive steady-state between CO₂ in the reservoir and in the caprock. We find that in this case, the aqueous CO₂ concentration would differ little from the reservoir and would be expected to produce carbonation reaction fronts in cements that are relatively uniform as a function of depth.

[en] A new concept of large area photomultiplier based on MCPs was conceived for JUNO by the scientists in IHEP, and with the collaborative work of the MCP–PMT collaboration in China, 8 in. and 20 in. prototypes were produced. Test results show that this type of MCP–PMT can have good SPE performance as the traditional dynode type PMTs.

[en] Complete text of publication follows. The precipitating protons play an important role in the heat budget of polar thermosphere during solar proton events. In this paper the proton heating efficiency is studied using all possible sources of heating and cooling of polar thermosphere. A special attention is paid on the reaction N₂(A³ EMBED Equation.3 ) + O which is considered as one of the most significant source of proton heating in auroral region. The new findings of temperature dependence of the reaction rate coefficient of the reaction N₂(A³ EMBED Equation.3 ) + O are also incorporated in the model. The proton heating efficiency is found as high as 71 percent in the peak energy deposition region (110-130 Km) and it strongly depends on altitude. These results would be very useful in the study of heat budget of polar thermosphere during solar proton events.

No abstract available

[en] The Pilot library is targeted to novice scientific programmers within High Performance Computing. The CellPilot library extends the Pilot library to the Cell Broadband Engine processor and heterogeneous clusters. Using Pilot's process and channel abstractions, the CellPilot library can create a process on any of the processor types, both PPEs and SPEs, across the cluster. Communication is achieved by creating a channel between any two processes, and using the write/read channel functions in the participating processes. The CellPilot library uses MPI for the inter-node communication and the Cell SDK within a Cell node. All the architecture specific details of Cell communications are hidden from the user.

No abstract available

[en] Distribution of the fluences of solar proton events in solar cycles 19–24 over the Carrington longitude of their sources on the Sun has been considered. An interval of “passive” Carrington longitudes, extensive over the longitude (≈100–170°) and the lifetime (the whole period of observations) has been discovered, which very rarely produced the powerful solar proton events. It was earlier found in cycles 19–23 and now confirmed for the complete cycle 24 as well. (paper)