[en] Modification of trypsin from bovine pancreas was studied to understand the biomolecular interactions between the protein and ligand, toward metal ion. A semisynthetic complex of trypsin-1,10-phenanthroline (trypsin-PHN) was prepared and investigated for its role in the hydrolysis of azocasein. Predicted results from molecular docking studies aid in the comprehension of the protein-ligand system. PHN ligand demonstrated the ability to provide more sites for interactions with metal ions and contribute extensively to the development of a new generation of industrial biocatalysts. The trypsin-PHN complex had an increment of 40 % activity in the hydrolysis of azocasein. In the presence of 5 μM Ca²⁺ ions the activity was higher than native enzyme but decreased in the presence of Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions, thus, providing additional insight into potential inhibitors of the rational enzyme design. (author)

[en] The highly selective peptide-binding properties of synthetic receptors were elucidated by using a combinatorial method. Further studies on the structures of complexes between receptors and peptide substrates, and the peptide-binding properties of the other related synthetic receptors are in progress in this laboratory. The development of selective synthetic receptors and thus elucidation the basic rules that govern intermolecular interactions between receptors and substrates is of great importance for improved understanding of molecular recognition mechanisms seen in biological systems and the potential applications to synthetic, separative and analytical purposes. Although it is known that several synthetic receptors bind with the certain substrates selectively, the search for novel synthetic receptors is continuing. Here, a series of novel macrocyclic compounds were synthesized and its sequence selective peptide-binding properties were elucidated by solid phase color assay using encoded combinatorial library of polypeptides

[en] The harmonization of optimum cooking time of rubbers containing in a tyre is became possible. This occurrence is the result of the knowledge about the respective function of each element containing in the rubber. Many kind of rubbers are been studied. The obtained results demonstrate the realization of the harmonization of optimum cooking time in different rubbers at some conditions by modifying either a kind of vulcanization accelerator or a quantity of vulcanization activator. So, accelerator or activator modifies need of energy during cooking. In this paper, we are estimated activation energy for all new rubbers obtained

[en] Generation of structural color is one of the essential functions realized by living organisms, and its industrial reproduction can result in numerous applications. From this viewpoint, the mechanisms, materials, analytical methods and fabrication technologies of the structural color are reviewed in this paper. In particular, the basic principles of natural photonic materials, the ideas developed from these principles, the directions of applications and practical industrial realizations are presented by summarizing the recent research results. (topical review)

[en] A selective synthetic method of the 2,5-biaryltriazolones has been developed via copper-catalyzed N-arylation reaction. Aryltriazolones, which were readily prepared from commercially available compounds, were N-arylated to 2,5-biaryltriazolones with high regioselectivity. This approach allows for access to a variety of 2,5-biaryl-1,2,4-trizol-3-ones in a simple and practical manner

[en] Latex is a stable dispersion of polymeric material in an aqueous medium. Lattices are present in natural as well as in synthetic forms. The range of applications of latex is extensive in carpet underlay, fabric back-coating, paper and paints coatings, adhesive, binder, leather finish, floor polish, waterproof clothing, bounded fiber, pigment printing, latex thread, cement and asphalt, foam scraps binders, can closure, thickeners, box toes and shoes counters, sealant and mastics, modifiers, protein reduction, enzyme treatment and peroxide vulcanization. In this review we are presenting synthesis, characterization, properties, manufacturing and processing of latex. (author)

[en] We examined the effect of radiation damage and annealing on the optical properties of nitrogen-gettered nearly IIa type synthetic diamonds. It was found that the 2.156 eV centre, whose absorption is usually very weak, appears in these diamonds as one of the dominant absorption features. A new vacancy-related vibronic absorption system with zero-phonon line at 3.420 eV was observed. A pronounced photochromic effect was established for the 1.945, 2.085, 2.156, 3.420 and 4.325 eV absorption bands. Of all these bands only the 2.156 eV band remains in the absorption spectra after a proper photoexcitation. In contrast, for similarly treated type Ib diamonds we did not reveal any photoinduced changes in the 1.945 eV band absorption. Based on the results of optical bleaching and thermal recovery experiments, we conclude that the assignment of the 2.156 eV centre to the neutral charge state of the nitrogen-vacancy defect needs further verification. (author)

[en] This chapter gave an overview of the synthetic polymer recycling issues, major barriers of technology and also a few approaches being practiced. The solid survey also has been conducted on the status of ionizing radiation in the recycling of polymers waste. This followed by a brief discussion on how to solves the synthetic polymer recycling issues.

[en] The paper summarizes the latest data on the use of ionizing radiation for sterilization purposes in medicine. It is shown that the radiation sterilization of medical instruments and dressings has passed the experimental stage and can now be applied in practice. The use of ionizing radiation to sterilize biological tissue, synthetic materials and a number of medicines which cannot be subjected to heat or chemical sterilization has a promising future. (authors)

[en] Mineral oil-based lubricants are always the preferred choice for industrial application due to their excellent properties and reasonable price. However, due to environmental and depletion issues, a number of studies have been carried out to explore alternative lubricants such as plant oils. In metal forming processes, reducing frictions, improving tool life and product quality are some of the important issues to be considered. In our study, palm oil-based lubricants were tested for cold extrusion processes and mineral oils were used for comparison purposes. It was found that refined bleached deodorised (RBD) palm kernel oil and palm olein performed an enhanced extrusion load than mineral oil-based lubricant, and they showed no severe wear on product surface. Based on the results, renewable oil-based lubricants can be considered as a substitute to common mineral oil based lubricants used in the industry. (author)